Artificial Intelligence in the

Military

Presented by :-
PRASHANT KUMAR
RAHUL RANJAN
 Overview
• History
• Neural Networks
• Automated Target Discrimination
• Tomahawk Missile Navigation
• Ethical issues
 History
• 1918 – first tests on guided missiles
• 1945 – Germany makes first ballistic missile
• 1950 – AIM-7 Sparrow - “fire-and-forget
• 1973 – remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs)
-Used to confuse enemy air defenses
• 1983 – tomahawk missile first used by navy
– Uses terrain contour matching system
• 1983 – Reagan make his famous star wars speech
• 1988 – U.S.S. Vincennes mistakenly destroys Iranian airbus due to
autonomous friend/foe radar system
• 1991 – Smart bombs used in Gulf War to selectively destroy enemy
targets
– Praised for its precision and effectiveness
 Neural Networks
• Inspired by studies of the brain
• Massively parallel
• Highly connected
• Many simple units
 Neural Networks applications

• NN philosophy is based on the concept of a neuron as a unit for

information storage and mapping input to output.
• NNs are based on the connection of sets of simple processing
elements/ nodes, where a weight is associated to each connection
between nodes.
• Weights are initialized randomly at the beginning, and as the network
begins to learn, the weights change.
• The neuron receives a numerical input vector (binary or part of a
continuum) and each element of the input vector is scaled by a
weighting constant, which assigns the importance rank to each input.
• The result of the dot product is used into a squashing function whose
output is used as the input to another neuron.
Structure of a neuron in a neural net
Neural net with three neuron layers
 Areas where neural nets are useful
·   pattern association
·   pattern classification
·   regularity detection
·   image processing
·   speech analysis
·   optimization problems
·   robot steering
·   processing of inaccurate or incomplete inputs
·   quality assurance
·   simulation
 Limits to Neural Networks
• the operational problem encountered when attempting to
simulate the parallelism of neural networks
• inability to explain any results that they obtain
• The greatest disadvantage of NNs is that they are
exceedingly slow to train because they are usually run on a
single processor computer and do not take advantage of
their massive parallel processing potential—the potential
that nature maximizes in human brains.
 Synthetic Aperture Radar
• Data collection for ATD
• Self-illuminating imaging radar
• Creates a height map of a surface
• Maintains spatial resolution regardless of
distance from target
• Can be used day and night regardless of
cloud cover
Picture of SAR rendering
 Tomahawk Missile Navigation
• Missile contains a map of
terrain
• Figures out its current
position from percepts
(radar & altimeter)
• Uses a modified Gaussian
least square differential
correction algorithm, a step
size limitation filter, and a
radial basis function
 Unmanned aerial vehicle
• Remote sensing
• Oil, gas and mineral
exploration and production
• Transport
• Scientific research
• Armed attacks
• Search and rescue
 Ethics
• Accountability
– Legal
– Political
– Example: Aegis defense system shoots down an Iranian
Airbus jetliner in 1988
• Use of AI in warfare
• Ethics of Research and Development
– Potential uses
– Military Funding of AI
– Passing of the blame “just doing my job”
 Sources
• “Target Discrimination in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) using
Artificial Neural Networks” Jose C. Principe, Munchurl Kim, John
W. Fisher III. Computational NeuroEngineering Laboratory. EB-486
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. University of
Florida.
• Sandia National Laboratories. http://www.sandia.gov/radar/sar.html
• Jet Propulsion Laboratory: California Institute of Technology.
http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/desc/imagingradarv3.html
• Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
http://www.gis.wau.nl/sar/sig/sar_intr.htm
THANK YOU