ATMOSPHERIC

POLLUTION
CHEMISTRY PROJECT
Ashmi Agarwal
IX-D
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
INTRODUCTION ACID RAIN OZONE DEPLETION

04 05 07
GLOBAL WARMING GLOSSARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 INTRODUCTION
 The Earth’s atmosphere can be divided mainly into two parts; the troposphere
and the stratosphere. The troposphere is the region of the atmosphere that is
closest to the ground. Humans and animals dwell here, and the majority of
biological activity takes place here. Poisonous gases, smoke, fumes, smog, and
other pollutants contribute to pollution in this area. We are all worried about the
ozone layer’s continuous depletion, which exposes the Earth and all living
things to ultraviolet light’s harmful consequences. 
What is Atmospheric Pollution?
Atmospheric pollution is defined as the introduction of unwanted materials into
the atmosphere due to natural phenomena or human activity on Earth, which
hurts the air quality and, as a result, on life on Earth.
 ACID RAIN
Acid Rain is defined as the precipitation of acid in the form of rain.
What is the composition of acid rain?
The two strong acids present in the acid rain are nitrogen oxide and Sulphur dioxide.
These two gases react with water in the atmosphere and oxygen in the air to form
sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are the principal
chemicals for acid rain. It can also influence humans since the acid goes into fruits,
vegetables and animals.
What does it cause?
The causes of acid rain are Sulphur and Nitrogen particles which get mixed with the wet
components of rain. Sulphur and Nitrogen particles which get mixed with water are
found in two ways either man-made i.e as the emissions are given out from industries
or by natural causes like how a lightning strike in the atmosphere releases nitrogen
ions and sulphur is released from volcanic eruptions.
What is its impacts?
Although acid rain is not directly harmful to human beings, the gases that cause acid rains
are. Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, when present in large concentrations in the
atmosphere, can cause respiratory problems in human beings. Acid rain also has an
effect on the infrastructure created by humans. For example, buildings, statues, and
historic monuments that are made up of marble, limestone, or other rocks containing
calcium carbonate are susceptible to damage from acid rains. BEFORE AND AFTER ACID RAIN (above)
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OZONE DEPLETION
The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's
ultraviolet radiation.
How is it formed?
The reaction of UV radiation with O2 or dioxygen molecules results in the formation of O 3. The
UV radiation splits the oxygen molecule into the free oxygen or O atoms. These O atoms combine
with molecular form of oxygen to form ozone (O 3). It is thermodynamically an unstable compound
and has a tendency to decompose into molecular oxygen. Therefore, a constant dynamic
equilibrium is present between the production and decomposition of O3 molecules.
What is it’s function?
The function of the ozone layer is to shield the Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun
and to keep the Earth warm. The ozone layer is composed of ozone, a molecule made up of three
oxygen atoms bonded together.
How is it destructed?
Upward moving air currents around the tropics carry up many chemicals, like methane,
chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and water, into the stratosphere. They are carried into the
atmosphere and resemble topical cumulus clouds. When these clouds reach the atmosphere the
molecules inside of these compounds are broken down by their exposure to ultraviolet radiation
that is given off from the sun. When these chemicals break down they release free radicals that
break down the ozone layer. Some of the free radicals have been noticed to be nitrogen dioxide and
chlorine monoxide. These are unstable elements that bind to other atoms in the ozone and deplete
them.
GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. What
are Greenhouse gases?

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. This section provides information
on emissions and removals of the main greenhouse gases to and from the atmosphere.

What are the ways to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases?

To stop global warming , we need to stop the amount of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide,
from increasing. For the past 150 years, burning fossil fuels and cutting down forests, which
naturally pull carbon dioxide out of the air, has caused greenhouse gas levels to increase. There
are two main ways to stop the amount of greenhouse gases from increasing: we can stop
adding them to the air, and we can increase the Earth’s ability to pull them out of the air.
• Use less energy
• Use non polluting vehicles or public transport
• Plant more trees
• Follow REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
 GLOSSARY
ULTRAVIOLET
INFRASTRUCTURE SUSCEPTIBLE RADIATION
the basic physical and organizational structures likely or liable to be Ultraviolet is a form of electromagnetic
and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, influenced or harmed by radiation with wavelength from 10
power supplies) needed for the operation a particular thing. nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of
of a society or enterprise. visible light, but longer than X-
rays.

THERMODYNAMICAL
LY
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that
deals with heat, work, and temperature,
and their relation to energy, radiation,
and physical properties of matter.
EQUILIBRIUM
If an object is said to be in a state of
equilibrium, then all the forces
which act upon the object are
balanced.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
I have gathered information from the following sites apart from my
curriculum book Selina Concise Chemistry for class 9.

• https://byjus.com/chemistry/effects-of-acid-rain/

• https://www.embibe.com/exams/atmospheric-pollution/

• https://www.reference.com/science/function-ozone-layer-
8a5b994e9c15fd7a

• https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/climate-solutions/reduce-
greenhouse-gases
 THANK YOU
SO MUCH!
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