CE-5124:Dam Engineering

Instructor: Dr. Mujahid Khan

PhD: Water Resources Engineering

Assistant Professor, UET Peshawar

 Course Outline
�General Features of Earth and Rock fill dam
�Types of embankments
�Earth Pressure and Stability Analysis
�Soil and Rock Investigations
�Earth dam Design and Construction
�Gravity Dam Design and construction
�Rock fill dam Construction
�Construction testing
�Performance measurements
�Earth quake Allowance
Grading Criteria
�Sessional : 20
◦ Mini Projects and Presentation: 15
◦ Attendance: 05

�Mid Term : 25
�Research Topic 10
�Final Term: 45
Dams
�Dam is a solid barrier constructed at a suitable
location across a river valley to store flowing water.
� Storage of water is utilized for following objectives:
� Hydropower
� Irrigation
� Water for domestic consumption
� Drought and flood control
� For navigational facilities
� Other additional utilization is to develop fisheries
Structure of Dam
Crest Down stream
Upstrea
m MWL Spillway
Max. level (inside
dam)
NWL
Normal
water level

Free
board Sluice
way
Galler
y

Heel
Toe
� Heel: contact with the ground on the upstream side

� Toe: contact on the downstream side

� Abutment: Sides of the valley on which the structure of the dam rest

� Galleries: small rooms like structure left within the dam for checking
operations.

� Diversion tunnel: Tunnels are constructed for diverting water before

the construction of dam. This helps in keeping the river bed dry.

� Spillways: It is the arrangement near the top to release the excess water
of the reservoir to downstream side

� Sluice way: An opening in the dam near the ground level, which is used
to clear the silt accumulation in the reservoir side.
TYPES OF DAMS
�Gravity Dams:
� These dams are heavy
Reservoi
and massive wall-like
r
structures of concrete in
Force which the whole weight
acts vertically
downwards

As the entire load is transmitted on the small area of foundation, such

dams are constructed where rocks are competent and stable.
 � Bhakra Dam is the
highest Concrete
Gravity dam in Asia and
Second Highest in the
world.

� Bhakra Dam is across

river Sutlej in Himachal
Pradesh

• It is 740 ft. high above the deepest foundation as � The construction of this
straight concrete dam being more than three times project was started in
the height of Qutab Minar. the year 1948 and was
completed in 1963 .
• Length at top 518.16 m (1700 feet); Width at base
190.5 m (625 feet), and at the top is 9.14 m (30
feet)
• Bhakra Dam is the highest Concrete Gravity dam
in Asia and Second Highest in the world.
Buttress Dam:

� Buttress Dam – Is a
gravity dam reinforced by
structural supports
� Buttress - a support that
transmits a force from a
roof or wall to another
supporting structure

This type of structure can be considered even if the foundation

rocks are little weaker
Arch Dams:
� These type of dams are
concrete or masonry dams
which are curved or convex
upstream in plan

� This shape helps to transmit

the major part of the water
load to the abutments

� Arch dams are built across

narrow, deep river gorges, but
now in recent years they have
been considered even for little
wider valleys.
Earth Dams:
� They are trapezoidal in
shape
� Earth dams are constructed
where the foundation or the
underlying material or
rocks are weak to support
the masonry dam or where
the suitable competent
rocks are at greater depth.
� Earthen dams are relatively
smaller in height and broad
at the base
� They are mainly built with
clay, sand and gravel, hence
they are also known as
Earth fill dam or Rock fill
dam