Evolution of TQM

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

DYCBATqm313

Abel C. Reyes
January 11, 2020
Learning Objectives
• Understand how the concept of total quality
management emerged and how people
adapted to the changing needs for quality
• Know the quality gurus and their great
contributions to the industry specially in
developing the sense of quality in business
processes
• Learn how quality becomes the mindset of
business stakeholders from pre-war up to
present
 Introduction

Industrial Revolution introduced the concept

of specialization of labor – workers are doing a
portion of the product/process. Inspecting
every process gives birth to the development
of TQM.

Before, workers are producing the whole

products by themselves and doing their own
inspections after completing all the needed
operations.
Five phases of TQM development
according to A.V. Feigenbaum:
• Operative Quality Control
• Foreman Quality Control
• Inspection Quality Control
• Statistical Quality Control
• Total Quality Control
Operative Quality Control
• Prevalent during the medieval era, but became
prominent after the Industrial Revolution
• Number of products was less and individually made
• Quality is judged by the workmanship and aesthetic
appearance
• Dimensional accuracy not given importance as
there are hardly any mating or interchangeable
components
• Workers are trained in craftmanship to achieve
higher quality of workmanship
Foreman Quality Control
• Until the 17th century, the foreman supervised
the quality function more as a person
controlling the work of several operatives.
Quality conformance became one of his
responsibilities.
• The concept of quality remained more or less
the same as before.
• Here again, the dimensional accuracy is less
critical than the functional quality, the
workmanship, or the aesthetic appearance.
Inspection Quality Control
• During the Industrial Revolution, which saw the emergence of
mass production, manufacturing operations were being broken
down to produce small components and then assembling them.
• The need to maintain dimensional accuracy arises which were
being inspected by the operator himself or the supervisor in line
inspection.
• This led to deployment of highly skilled, trained operators as
inspectors for better quality standards, initially as a decentralized
function of production.
• Mr. F. W. Taylor, the Father of Scientific Management made the
principles of functional specialization for effective performance.
• This gave birth to the centralized inspection departments, who
generally were 100% inspections at least for high value items.
Statistical Quality Control
• The inspectors were, in any case, required to
maintain records and data to justify the
rejections they made.
• Managers, during WW II started applying
statistical principles for random inspections
based on the theory of probability to save
inspection time and to enhance productivity.
• Control charts were developed to help
determine the trend of the rejections. It enables
the correction of the process before the
rejections occurred.
Total Quality Control
• The quality consciousness was developed as a
national spirit among the Japanese workforce
to achieve the above goal.
• Deming, an American quality expert developed
several principles, mostly adapted from
traditional management principles and
explained them in simple language, and terms
that were easily understood and remembered
by the Japanese workforce, helping to convert
their quality consciousness to quality
commitment as a national fervor.
 CONCLUSION
The roots of TQM can be traced back to the
early 1920s when statistical theory was first
applied to product quality control. Quality
management has evolved from the operative
quality control of the pre-1920days to the TQM of
today. This metamorphosis provides an interesting
story, tracing through the quality journey and
illustrating the Japanese style management
approach to quality improvement.
 1. Wilfredo Pareto
2. Walter A. Shewhart
3. Edwards Deming
Quality 4. Joseph Juran
Gurus
5. Armand Feigenbaum
6. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobi
7. Shigeo Shingo
8. Taichi Ohno
9. Kaoru Ishikawa
10.Genichi Taguchi
11.Phillip B. Crosby
12.Yoshio Kondo
13.Shigeru Mizuno
14. Yoji Akao
15. Noriaki Kano
16. Masaaki Imai
17. Claus Möller
18. Blanton Godfrey
19. Clarence Irwing Lewis
20. David Garvin
21. Dorian Shainin
22. Edwardde Bono
23. Eliyahu M. Goldrat
24. Eugene L. Grant
25. Bill Conway
26. Yasutoshi Washio
References
KIRAN, D. (2017). Total Quality Management -
Key Concepts and Case Studies. United
Kingdom: BS Publications.

OAKLAND, J.S. (1993). Total Quality

Management – The Route to Improving
Performance. Butterworth/Heinemann