FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND

CLINICS

Lic. Fonoaudiology

PARTICIPANT´S NAME:
Aguilar, Genesis
Quintero , Liara

Activity #3 Teacher: Dora Hurtado

professions
 THE AUDITION
Hearing is made up of the psychophysiological processes that provide the human being with the ability
to hear.
■ How does hearing work?
Sound waves travel through the ear canal and hit the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. These vibrations set
the fluid in the cochlea in motion that stimulates 15,000 sensory cells, called “hair cells,” which convert
the vibrations into electrical signals. The brain processes this data, which makes it possible to listen to
and enjoy things like music or interesting conversation.
■ Hearing Physiology.
Your ear can be divided into 3 parts. The outer ear and the middle ear help to collect and amplify sound.
The inner ear converts sound waves into messages that are sent to the brain.
 THE EXTERNAL EAR
The outer ear is the outer part of the ear that collects sound waves and directs them into the
ear
• Auditory pinna:
The only visible part of the ear is the pinna (the ear), which has a very particular helical
shape. The pinna functions as a kind of funnel that helps direct sound into the ear.
• The ear canal
Once the sound waves have passed the pinna, they travel two to three centimeters into the ear
canal before hitting the eardrum
• The eardrum
The eardrum (or tympanic membrane) is a membrane that is located at the end of the ear
canal and marks the beginning of the middle ear
 MIDDLE EAR
The middle ear is the part of the ear between the eardrum and the oval window. The
middle ear transmits sounds from the outer ear to the inner ear and is made up of three tiny
bones: hammer, anvil, and stirrup, through the oval window, the round window, and the
Eustachian tube.
■ The bones of the middle ear
The vibrations are transmitted into the ear through the three bones in the middle ear: hammer, anvil
and stapes. These three bones form a kind of bridge, and the stapes, the last bone where sound arrives,
is connected to the oval window.
■ The oval window
The oval window is a membrane that lines the entrance to the cochlea in the inner ear. When the
eardrum vibrates, sound waves pass through the hammer and anvil to the stapes and subsequently to
the oval window.
■ The round window
The round window in the middle ear vibrates in the opposite direction to vibrations entering the
cochlea through the oval window, causing the fluid in the cochlea to move.
■ The Eustachian tube
The Eustachian tube is also in the middle ear, and connects the ear with the last part of the palate
 The inner ear
In the inner ear, the transduction process
occurs, that is, mechanical energy is
converted into bioelectric energy; This
process is carried out in the corti organ,
where the internal and external hair cells are
located, which by means of the movement of
the tectorial membrane, the depolarization of
the same occurs, causing the mechanical
energy to be transformed into bioelectric,
then From this, the auditory nerve sends these
signals and electrical impulses to the brain,
which is in charge of recognizing,
discriminating and interpreting this sound.
 It is made up of:
• The cochlea: It is made up of the vestibular ramp, which is in turn
composed of a liquid called perilymph, the middle ramp where the
organ of corti is located, which in turn is composed of endolymph,
when the two liquids are Together the cortilinfa is formed, it is also
responsible for the transduction of mechanical energy to electrical
energy and for the tympanic ramp that is composed of perilymph.
• The auditory nerve: Responsible for transmitting these signals and
nerve impulses to the brain; This in turn is made up of the
vestibular nerve that is responsible for sending information about
balance and the cochlear nerve responsible for sending information
about sound.
• Semi circular ducts: also, in charge of balance.
• saccule and stirrup: Also, in charge of balance, one sends
information on how the movement is from left to right and from top
to bottom.
 Audition process:
The hearing process begins with the external ear, the pinna
channels sound waves and sends them to the auditory canal,
these waves collide with the eardrum making it vibrate and in
turn, causing the chain of bones to begin to vibrate, the base of
the stapes (one of the spindles that make up the chain) hits the
oval window, forming waves that begin to move the vestibular
ramp and in turn, causing the basement membrane (membrane
that supports the organ of corti) to move, this movement It
makes the tectorial membrane, located in the cortical organ,
move and the hair cells as a result of this movement begin to
depolarize and the transduction of mechanical energy to
bioelectric occurs, after this the auditory nerve sends these
impulses or nerve signals to the brain, which is in charge of
making sense or rather of recognizing, interpreting that sound.
THANK YOU!