BIOGRAPHY

 Carl Gustav Jung was born July 26, 1875, in the small
Swiss village of Kessewil. He grew up surrounded by an
intellectual extended family
 At and early age he developed interest in language in
literature, especially in ancient ones. He was very
metaphysical, and he turned from his reasons to his
dreams, visions and fantasies
 He was a solitary adolescent with little care for school.
He greatly suffered from jealous harassment and often
used sickness as an excuse. Later he developed the
tendency to faint under great stress and pressure
BIOGRAPHY
 Although archaeology was his first choice, he pursued
medicine and later on psychiatry at the University of
Basel
 After graduating, he took a position at the Burghoeltzli
Mental Hospital in Zurich under Eugene Bleuler, an
expert on (and the namer of) schizophrenia. In 1903, he
married Emma Rauschenbach. He also taught classes at
the University of Zurich, had a private practice, and
invented word association at this time
 At critical times, he solved problems and made decisions
based on what his unconscious told him through his
dreams
BIOGRAPHY
 Long an admirer of Freud, he met him in Vienna in 1907.
The story goes that after they met, Freud canceled all his
appointments for the day, and they talked for 13 hours
straight. Freud eventually came to see Jung as the crown
prince of psychoanalysis and his heir apparent
 In 1909, Jung’s relationship with Freud eventually cooled
down due to his resistance to the latter’s theory. Freud
eventually cut up his ties with Jung and became his most
outspoken critic
 Jung a midlife crisis at age 38 which he solved using his
unconscious as they manifest through his dreams and
fantasies. This practice later on became Analytical
Psychology
 Retired from public attention after the death of his wife in
1955 and died in 1961
THEORY
 Divides the psyche into three parts:
 Ego - conscious level; carries out daily activities; like
Freud’s Conscious
 Personal Unconscious - individual’s thoughts,
memories, wishes, impulses; like Freud’s
Preconscious + Unconscious
 Collective Unconscious - storehouse of memories
inherited from the common ancestors of the whole
human race; has no counterpart in Freud’s theory
THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
 It contains archetypes,
emotionally charged images
and thought forms that have
universal meaning.
 Archetypes cause us to
respond in certain ways to
common human
experiences.
 The key archetype is the
Self, which is symbolized by
the Mandala (“magic circle”),
an image symbolizing the
unity of life
ARCHETYPES
 The Persona
 Represents an
individual’s public
image
 Refers to the “mask”
one puts on before
showing himself to
the outside world
ARCHETYPES
 The Shadow
 Represents the sex and
life instincts
 Derives from our
prehuman, animal past,
when our concerns were
limited to survival and
reproduction, and when
we weren't self-
conscious
 It is the "dark side" of the
ego
ARCHETYPES
 Anima and Animus
 The anima is the female aspect present in the
collective unconscious of men
 the animus is the male aspect present in the
collective unconscious of women
 Together, they are referred to as syzygy
OTHER ARCHETYPES
 God
 Hero
 Maiden
 Nurturing Mother
 Wise Old Man
 Wicked Witch
 Obedient Son
 Devil
 Powerful Father
 Animal
 Trickster
 Hermaphrodite
DYNAMICS OF THE PSYCHE
 Governed by three principles:
 Principle of Opposites – every wish or thought has
its own opposite
 Principle of Equivalence - The energy created from
the opposition is "given" to both sides equally
 Neglect of the energy may result to a complex - a pattern of
suppressed thoughts and feelings that cluster constellate
around a theme provided by some archetype
 Principle of Entropy - This is the tendency for
oppositions to come together, and so for energy to
decrease, over a person's lifetime
 Eventually results into transcendence - the process of rising
above our opposites, of seeing both sides of who we are
THE SELF
 The fully developed personality
 Attained by balancing and integrating all
parts of the personality
 Emphasizes self-actualization
SYNCHRONICITY
 Personality theorists have argued for many
years about whether psychological processes
function in terms of mechanism (the idea that
things work in through cause and effect ) or
teleology (the idea that we are lead on by our
ideas about a future state, by things like
purposes, meanings, values, and so on)
 Jung added a third alternative called
Synchronicity, which is the occurrence of two
events that are not linked causally, nor linked
teleologically, yet are meaningfully related
SYNCHRONICITY
INTROVERSION AND
EXTROVERSION
 Introverts are people who prefer their
internal world of thoughts, feelings,
fantasies, dreams, and so on
 Extroverts prefer the external world of
things and people and activities
THE FUNCTIONS
 Each person has four functions which of
individually different proportions:
 Sensing - one of the irrational functions,
meaning that it involved perception rather
than judging of information
 Thinking - evaluating information or ideas
rationally, logically
 Intuiting - a kind of perception that works
outside of the usual conscious processes.
It is irrational or perceptual, like sensing,
but comes from the complex integration of
large amounts of information, rather than
simple seeing or hearing
 Feeling - like thinking, is a matter of
evaluating information, this time by
weighing one's overall, emotional
response
APPLICATION
 Katharine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs
Myers found Jung's types and functions so
revealing of people's personalities that they
decided to develop a paper-and-pencil test. It
came to be called the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator, and is one of the most popular, and
most studied tests
 It determines the personality types of graduates
and applicants and match them with the most
appropriate careers and jobs
CRITICISM
 Jung’s theory was heavily influenced by
Freud
 His theory is very metaphysical in nature
and tends to “over-explain” things
 His theory tends to encourage people who
have problems in dealing with reality to
retreat into fantasy
 Jung was somewhat connected with Nazi
Germany during the Second World War
Reported by:
SING, ROBERTO MARTIN LEVERIZA
Student, Master of Arts in Industrial Psychology
2 May 2009