Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

San Pablo City Campus
Del Remedio, San Pablo City

GRADUATE STUDIES AND APPLIED RESEARCH

Second Semester: AY 2020-2021

ELSA C. CALLO Ed. D.

KRISTINA G. VALENZUELA
Professor Ed. D. Major in Educational
Management

CG 601 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES

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CARL JUNG’S ANALYTIC THEORY

INTRODUCTION

Carl Jung was an early supporter of Freud because of their shared interest in the

unconscious. He was an active member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (formerly

known as the Wednesday Psychological Society). When the International

Psychoanalytical Association formed in 1910 Jung became president at the request of

Freud.

However in 1912 while on a lecture tour of America Jung publicly criticized

Freud’s theory of the Oedipus complex and his emphasis on infantile sexuality. The

following year this led to an irrevocable split between them and Jung went on to develop

his own version of psychoanalytic theory.

Most of Jung's assumptions of his analytical psychology reflect his theoretical

differences with Freud. For example, while Jung agreed with Freud that a person’s past

and childhood experiences determined future behavior, he also believed that we are PAGE |
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shaped by our future (aspirations) too.
  Carl Gustav Jung, (born July 26, 1875,

Kesswil, Switzerland—died June 6, 1961,

Küsnacht).

 Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who

founded analytic psychology, in some

aspects a response to Sigmund

Freud’s psychoanalysis.

 who proposed the concepts of extrovert

and introvert personalities, archetypes, and

the collective unconscious.

 He also developed valuable methods of

psychiatric therapy.

CONCEPTS OF EXTROVERT AND INTROVERT PERSONALITIES

In social situations, extrovert and introvert personalities display very different

behaviors. Extroverts show a preference for seeking, engaging in, and enjoying social

interactions, whereas introverts tend to be reserved and withdrawn in social settings –

often preferring to avoid social situations altogether.

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Jung was originally a supporter of his mentor Sigmund Freud. The relationship

eventually fractured over Jung's criticism of Freud's emphasis on sexuality during

development, which led Jung to develop his own psychoanalytic approach known as

analytical psychology. While Jung agreed with Freud that the unconscious played an

important role in personality and behavior, he expanded on Freud's idea of the personal

unconscious to include what Jung called the collective unconscious.

Jung believed that the human psyche was composed of three components:

1. The ego
According to Jung, the ego represents the conscious mind as it comprises

the thoughts, memories, and emotions a person is aware of. The ego is largely

responsible for feelings of identity and continuity.

2. The personal unconscious

The personal unconscious contains temporality forgotten information and

well as repressed memories.

3. The collective unconscious

The collective unconscious is a unique component in that Jung believed

that this part of the psyche served as a form of psychological inheritance. It

contained all of the knowledge and experiences that humans share as a species.

The 4 Major Jungian Archetypes

Archetypes are universal, inborn

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models of people, behaviors, or 3

personalities that play a role in

influencing human behavior. They were
introduced by the Swiss psychiatrist
Carl Jung, who suggested that these
archetypes were archaic forms of innate human knowledge passed down from our
ancestors.

1. The Persona

The persona is how we present ourselves to the world. The word "persona" is derived
from a Latin word that literally means "mask." It is not a literal mask, however.

The persona represents all of the different social masks that we wear among various
groups and situations. It acts to shield the ego from negative images. According to
Jung, the persona may appear in dreams and take different forms.

Over the course of development, children learn that they must behave in certain ways in
order to fit in with society's expectations and norms. The persona develops as a social
mask to contain all of the primitive urges, impulses, and emotions that are not
considered socially acceptable.

The persona archetype allows people to adapt to the world around them and fit in with
the society in which they live. However, becoming too closely identified with this
archetype can lead people to lose sight of their true selves.

2. The Shadow

The shadow is an archetype that consists of the sex and life instincts. The shadow
exists as part of the unconscious mind and is composed of repressed ideas,
weaknesses, desires, instincts, and shortcomings.

The shadow forms out of our attempts to adapt to cultural norms and expectations. It is
this archetype that contains all of the things that are unacceptable not only to society,
but also to one's own personal morals and values. It might include things such as envy,
greed, prejudice, hate, and aggression.

Jung suggested that the shadow can appear in dreams or visions and may take a
variety of forms. It might appear as a snake, a monster, a demon, a dragon, or some
other dark, wild, or exotic figure. PAGE |
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This archetype is often described as the darker side of the psyche, representing
wildness, chaos, and the unknown. These latent dispositions are present in all of us,
Jung believed, although people sometimes deny this element of their own psyche and
instead project it on to others.

3. The Anima or Animus

The anima is a feminine image in the male psyche, and the animus is a male image in
the female psyche.

The anima/animus represents the "true self" rather than the image we present to others
and serves as the primary source of communication with the collective unconscious.

Jung believed that physiological changes as well as social influences contributed to the
development of sex roles and gender identities. Jung suggested the influence of the
animus and anima archetypes were also involved in this process. According to Jung,
the animus represents the masculine aspect in women while the anima represented the
feminine aspect in men.

These archetypal images are based upon both what is found in the collective and
personal unconscious. The collective unconscious may contain notions about how
women should behave while personal experience with wives, girlfriends, sisters, and
mothers contribute to more personal images of women.

In many cultures, however, men and women are encouraged to adopt traditional and
often rigid gender roles. Jung suggested that this discouragement of men exploring their
feminine aspects and women exploring their masculine aspects served to undermine
psychological development.

The combined anima and animus is known as the syzygy or the divine couple. The
syzygy represents completion, unification, and wholeness.

4. The Self

The self is an archetype that represents the unified unconsciousness and

consciousness of an individual. Jung often represented the self as a circle, square, or
mandala.

Creating the self occurs through a process known as individuation, in which the various
aspects of personality are integrated. Jung believed that disharmony between the
unconscious and the conscious mind could lead to psychological problems. Bringing PAGE |
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these conflicts into awareness and accommodating them in conscious awareness was
an important part of the individuation process.

Jung suggested that there were two different centers of personality:

The ego makes up the center of consciousness, but it is the self that lies at the center of
personality.
Personality encompasses not only consciousness but also the ego and the unconscious
mind.
You can think of this by imagining a circle with a dot right at the center. The entire circle
makes up the self, where the small dot in the middle represents the ego.

For Jung, the ultimate aim was for an individual to achieve a sense of cohesive self,
similar in many ways to Maslow's concept of self-actualization.

REFERENCES:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carl-Jung
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bP37RUJOzxI
http://watchwordtest.com/types.aspx#:~:text=The%20Attitudes%20of
%20Consciousness&text=These%20two%20directions%20define%20the,to
%20compensate%20by%20expressing%20extraversion.
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100027254
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-jungs-4-major-archetypes-2795439

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