Oldmead Elementary School

Introduction to Carl
Jung’s Analytical
Theory
VERSION UPDATE
What is Analytical
Theory?
Carl Jung’s theory of personality is called
analytical psychology, which rests upon
the assumption that occult phenomena
can and do influence the lives of everyone.
It is where the body, mind, and soul are
brought together by the linking of the
personal unconscious and the collective
unconscious.
Background of Carl Jung

Carl Gustav Jung was born on July 26,

1875 in Kesswil in Switzerland. His
parents were Johann Paul Jung, a
minister in the Swiss Reformed
Church and Emilie Preiswerk Jung, a
daughter of a theologian.
Background of Carl Jung

Sigmund Freud once designated Carl

Jung as his spiritual son and heir.
Despite their friendship, Jung diverged
and became critical of Freud’s own
theories of personality, developing his
own which differed from orthodox
psychoanalysis.
 Levels of Psyche

CONSCIOUS
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
 Conscious
According to Jung, the conscious are those
that are sensed by the ego, whereas
unconscious elements have no relationship
with the ego. Jung saw the ego as the center
of consciousness, but not the core of
personality.
 Personal Unconscious
The personal unconscious embraces all
repressed, forgotten, or subliminally
perceived experiences of one particular
individual. It is similar to Freud’s concept of
the preconscious. Associated with the
Personal Unconscious are the Complexes.
 Complexes

A complex is a core or pattern of emotions,

memories, perceptions, and wishes organized
around a common theme. Complexes direct
thoughts and behaviors in various ways,
which determines how a person perceives the
world.
 Collective Unconscious
The deepest and least accessible level of
the psyche, the collective unconscious
stores and accumulates the experiences of
all our human and pre-human ancestors,
which is passed down to each new
generation.
 Archetypes

Archetypes - The experiences contained in the

collective unconscious are manifested by
recurring themes or patterns, which Jung
called archetypes. They originate from the
repeated experiences of humans’ early
ancestors. .
 Persona
The persona is the side of the personality
that people show to the world. It is the
public face that we wear to present
ourselves as someone different from who
we really are.
 Shadow
The shadow is the archetype that
represents darkness and repression, and
whose qualities we do not wish to
acknowledge but attempt to hide from
ourselves and others.
 Anima
The feminine archetype is present within
men. The anima influences the feeling side in
men and is the explanation for certain
irrational moods and feelings.
 Animus
The masculine archetype is present within
women. The animus is responsible for
thinking and opinion in women just as the
anima produces feelings and moods in men.
 Great Mother
The great mother archetype represents the
cultural experience of childhood
development. It represents both the feelings
of maternal support and love for the child, as
well as the capriciousness linked to feelings of
vulnerability.
 Wise Old Men
This type of character is typically represented as a
kind and wise, older father-type figure that uses
personal knowledge of people and the world to
help tell stories and offer guidance that, in a
mystical way, may impress upon his audience a
sense of who they are and who they might
become, thereby acting as a mentor.
 Hero
someone who is brave, courageous, and
willing to take risks in order to accomplish
their goals.
It is what it suggests; a powerful force of
good; someone who “saves the day”
 Self
the totality of a person's being,”
That represents the unified unconsciousness
and consciousness of an individual.
 Mandala

It signifies the wholeness of the Self.

Dynamics of
Personality
 Causality and Teleology
Causality is defined as “everything that
happens is caused to happen in that way.”
Teleological is defined as “everything
happens for some reason/contributes to
some good.”
Progression and Regression
present events are motivated by goals and
aspirations for the future that direct a person’s
destiny, outside world involve the forward flow of
psychic energy and are called progression,
whereas adaptation to the inner world relies on a
backward flow of psychic energy and is called
regression.
 Attitudes
Attitudes- readiness of the psyche to act
or react in a certain way” (Jung
1921/1971, p. 687). Attitudes very often
come in pairs, one conscious and the
other unconscious.
 Attitudes
Extraversion- Someone who feels energized
by the external world and social interactions.
According to Jung, someone who presents as
an extrovert may have an outgoing
personality and feel comfortable and even
excited in group settings.
 Attitudes
Introversion- they feel more comfortable
focusing on their inner thoughts and ideas,
rather than what's happening externally.
 Attitudes
Extraversion- Someone who feels energized
by the external world and social interactions.
According to Jung, someone who presents as
an extrovert may have an outgoing
personality and feel comfortable and even
excited in group settings.
 Functions
Sensing
Intuiting
Feeling
Thinking
 Sensing
a function of perceiving, meaning that we
receive senses into consciousness rather
than work to earn them.
 Thinking
that psychological function which, in
accordance with its own laws, brings given
presentations into conceptual connection."
Jung said that the thinking function should
be delegated solely to 'active thinking' in
contrast to 'passive thinking'..
 Feeling
Feeling is a valuing function, whereas
emotion is involuntary, in affect you are
always a victim. Feeling is to describe the
process of evaluating an idea or event.
 Intuiting
“mediates perceptions in an unconscious
way… and has the character of being given.”
Like sensing, it is based on the perception of
absolute elementary facts, ones that provide
the raw material for thinking and feeling.
 Intuiting
“mediates perceptions in an unconscious
way… and has the character of being given.”
Like sensing, it is based on the perception of
absolute elementary facts, ones that provide
the raw material for thinking and feeling.
Combining this 4 functions with 2 attitudes will create 8
personality types:

Introverted Feeling/Extroverted Feeling

Introverted Thinking/Extroverted Thinking
Introverted Sensing/ Extroverted sensing
Introverted Intuiting/ Extroverted Intuiting
Development of Personality
Jung Compares the stages of life to the
sun’s journey through the sky, with the
brilliance of the sun representing
consciousness
 Childhood
Childhood- Jung divided into three substages
(1) the anarchic, (2) the monarchic, (3) the
dualistic.
 Anarchic or Chaotic phase
In this first stage, the child is still in the
unconscious state. The parents act as the ego
for the baby for the baby has yet to develop his
own ego. Jung referred to this as “islands of
memory” (Jung & Jaffé, 1961, p. 6).
 The Monarchic phase
is characterized by the development of the ego
and by the beginning of logical and verbal
thinking. During this time children see
themselves objectively and often refer to
themselves in the third person. The islands of
consciousness become larger, more numerous,
and inhabited by a primitive ego.
 Dualistic Phase
As the child learns to separate himself from the
rest of the world, his ego forms, there arises a
sense of I. Consequently, this is the time when
the child starts to speak of itself in the first
person –I am hungry, and he is able to refer to
himself as the object as well.
 Youth
Young people strive to gain psychic and physical
independence from their parents, find a mate, raise a
family, and make a place in the world. According to Jung
(1931/1960a), youth is, or should be, a period of increased
activity, maturing sexuality, growing consciousness, and
recognition that the problem-free era of childhood is gone
forever.
 Middle life
By which time the sun has passed its zenith and begins its
downward descent. Although this decline can present
middle-aged people with increasing anxieties, middle life is
also a period of tremendous potential.
 Old Age
As the evening of life approaches, people experience
a diminution of consciousness just as the light and
warmth of the sun diminish at dusk. If people fear life
during the early years, then they will almost certainly
fear death during the later ones. Fear of death is often
taken as normal, but Jung believed that death is the
goal of life and that life can be fulfilling only when
death is seen in this light.
 Self Realization
Psychological rebirth, also called self-realization or
individuation, is the process of becoming an individual or
whole person (Jung, 1939/1959, 1945/1953). This process of
“coming to selfhood” means that a person has all
psychological components functioning in unity, with no
psychic process atrophying. People who have gone through
this process have achieved realization of the self, minimized
their persona, recognized their anima or animus, and
acquired a workable balance between introversion and
extraversion.
Jung’s Treatment/Assessment and
Methods of Investigation
 Word Association Test
In administering the test, Jung typically used a list of about
100 stimulus words chosen and arranged to elicit an
emotional reaction. He instructed the person to respond to
each stimulus word with the first word that came to mind.
Jung recorded each verbal response, time taken to make a
response, rate of breathing, and galvanic skin response.
 Dream Analysis
The purpose of Jungian dream interpretation is to uncover
elements from the personal and collective unconscious and
to integrate them into consciousness in order to facilitate
the process of self-realization. The Jungian therapist must
realize that dreams are often compensatory; that is, feelings
and attitudes not expressed during waking life will find an
outlet through the dream process. Jung believed that the
natural condition of humans is to move toward completion
or self-realization.
 Active imagination
A technique Jung used during his own self-analysis as well as
with many of his patients was active imagination. This
method requires a person to begin with any impression—a
dream image, vision, picture, or fantasy—and to concentrate
until the impression begins to “move.” The person must
follow these images to wherever they lead and then
courageously face these autonomous images and freely
communicate with them
 Psychotherapy
Jung (1931/1954b) identified four basic approaches to
therapy, representing four developmental stages in the
history of psychotherapy.
The first is confession of a pathogenic secret.
This is the cathartic method practiced by Josef
Breuer and his patient Anna O. For patients
who merely have a need to share their secrets,
catharsis is effective.
The second stage involves interpretation,
explanation, and elucidation. This approach,
used by Freud, gives the patients insight into
the causes of their neuroses, but may still leave
them incapable of solving social problems
 To go beyond these three approaches, Jung suggested a fourth
stage, transformation. By transformation, he meant that the
therapist must first be transformed into a healthy human being,
preferably by undergoing psychotherapy.
 The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality assessment that groups
people into one of 16 categories. To do this, the MBTI asks questions based
on four categories of preferences: extroverted versus introverted, sensing
versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus perceiving.
Virtually everyone will fall toward one end of the spectrum for each of the
four categories, resulting in a four-letter combination, or "type" (e.g.,
ESTP, INFJ, etc.).
THANK YOU!