Car l J un g:

An alytical
Psychology
Th eor ies of Per son alit y
Prof. Danis e A ng elica G
Lacs on
 01 Overview of Analytical
Psycholog y

02 Biog raphy of C arl

Jung

03 Levels of the
Psyche

04 Dynamics of
Personality

Topics for 05
06
Ps ycholog ical Types

Development of

Discussion
Pers onality
07 Jung 's M ethods of
Investig ation

08 Related
Research

09 C ritique of
Jung

10 C oncept of
Humanity

11 K ey Terms and
C oncepts
Over view of
An alyt ical
Psychology
Jung Deviated from the traditional
psychoanalysis.

Jung introduced the existence of

collective unconscious.

Collective unconscious is expressed

through archetypes.

Jung believes development does not stop

at adolescent stage.
Biogr aph y of Car l
J un g
Carl Gus tav Jung
July 26, 1875 in Kesswil,
Switzerland Parents: Johann Paul
Jung & Emilie Preiswerk Jung
Graduated medicine from University
of Basel
Married to Emma Rauschenbach. Has
5 children, 4 g irls and 1 boy.
Relations hip with S ig mund Freud
M emories, Dreams, and
Reflections
Pass ed away on 6th of June, 195 5 due
to circulatory disease.
Levels of
th e
Psyche
The mind has
both conscious
and unconscious
level.
 Con scious
The ego arises out of
self during early
development.
The EGO is the
center of a
person's
consciousness.
 Personal
Un con scious
Develops from the
interaction between
collective Unconscious and
an individual's personal
growth
Each person has a unique
personal unconscious.
Complexes
 Collective
Un con scious
Stems from the
ancestral past
Every child is born
with imprinted
blueprint Archetypes
Archetypes
Ancient archaic images
attained from the
collective unconscious.
Each pers on can
develop several
archetypes.
There are eig ht
archetypes that are
conceptualize.
 Per son a
The term is
derived from
theater.
The side of the
personality, meant to
be shown to the
world.
 Sh adow
Qualities we do not
want others, or even
ourselves to see.
Traits we don't like
and choose to ignore.
 An im a
Depicts the
feminine side of a
man.
According to Jung
it is hard to
connect with
anima.
 An im us
The counterpart
of anima.
The mas culine s ide of
a woman
S ymbolizes thinking
and reasoning.
 Gr eat Moth er
This is a concept of a
mother derived from
anima.
Everyone has this
archetype.
Have both positive
and negative
feelings.
 Wise Old
Man
This is the archetype
for wisdom.
Symbolizes human's pre-
exis ting knowledg e
about mysteries of life.
This cannot be
experienced
directly by an individual.
 Her o
Repres ented in
M ytholog y and legends
as powerful being who
fights against evil.
This archetype helps
us free ourselves
from helplessness.
 Self
Person's ability to
continuous ly
s trive towards
growth,
perfection, and
completion.
Cons idered as
archetypes of all
archetypes.
S ymbolizes by a
 DYNAMICS
OF
PERSONALIT
Y and Teleology
Causality

Pr ogr ession an d Regr ession

 Dyn am ics
of
Personality
Jung's theory contains a definite influence of the personal and
collective unconscious in motivating human behavior, he must have
believed in a causative explanation for human behavior. At the
same time, under his assumptions, people do have free will, and
they can not only freely make decisions, but they can also
independently set goals and hold aspirations.
 Causality and Teleology
Is motivation motivated by past events or
by teleological goals?

CAUSALITY TELEOLOGY
H olds that pres ent
H olds that pres ent
events are motivated by
events have their origin
goals and aspirations
in previous experiences.
for future that direct a
person's destiny.
 E
FUTUR
TION S
PECTA
EX

ENTS

PAS TE
EV
Humans are motivated by their past
experiences and by their expectations
of the future.
Progression and
Regression
To achieve self-realization, people must adapt not
only to their outside world but to the inner world
as well.
Progression
A daptation to the outs ide
world involves the forward
outflow of psychic energy. It
inclines
a person to react
cons is tently to a
g iven set of
environmental
conditions.
 Regression
Adaptation to the inner world
relies on a backward flow of
psychic energy. It activates the
unconscious psyche,
an essential aid in the
solution of most
problems.
Alone, neither progression nor
regression leads to development.
Either can bring about too much one-
sidedness and failure in adaptation;
but the two, working together, can
activate the process of healthy
personality development.
- Carl
Jung
PSYCHOLOGIC
AL TYPES
Attitudes
> Introversion
> Extr over sion
Function
> Thinking
> Feeling
> Sensing
> Intuiting
Psych ological Types
Attitudes
Jung (1921/1971) defined an attitude as a predisposition to
act or react in a characteristic direction. He insisted that
each person has both an introverted and an extroverted
attitude, although one maybe conscious while the other is
unconscious.
Introversion
- the turning inward of psychic energy with
an orientation toward the subjective.
Extraversion
- the attitude distinguished by the turning
outward of psychic energy so that a person is
oriented toward the objective and away from the
subjective.
Functions
Sensing, thinking, feeling, and intuiting are the four
functions that can be defined briefly as follows: Sensing
informs people of the existence of something; thinking
allows them to recognize its meaning; feeling informs
them of its value or worth; and intuition allows them to
know about it without knowing how they know.
Thinking Feeling
logical intellectual activity that Evaluation of every conscious
produces a chain of ideas. It can be activity, even those valued as
either extraverted or introverted, different
depending on a person’s basic Extraverted feeling people use
attitude. objective data to make evaluations.
Extraverted thinking people rely They are not guided so much by
heavily on concrete thoughts, but their subjective opinion, but by
may also use abstract ideas if external values and widely
these have been transmitted to accepted standards of judgment.
them from without. Introverted feeling people base
Introverted thinking people react their value judgments primarily on
to a stimuli, but their subjective perceptions rather than
interpretation of an event is objective facts.
colored more by the internal
meaning they bring.
Sensing
The function that receives physical
s timuli and trans mits them to
perceptual consciousness.
Extraverted sensing people
perceive external stimuli
objectively, in much the same way
that these stimuli exists in reality.
Introverted sensing people are
largely influenced by their
subjective sensations of sight,
sound, taste, touch, and so fourth.
Intuiting
evaluation of every conscious
activity, even those valued as
different.
Extraverted feeling people use
objective data to make
evaluations. They are not guided so
much by their subjective opinion,
but by external values and widely
accepted standards of judgment.
Introverted feeling people base
their value judgments primarily on
subjective perceptions rather than
objective facts.
DEVELOPMENT
OF
PERSONALITY
St ages of
Developm en t
> Childhood
> Youth
> Sensing
>Intuiting
Self- Realizat ion
Stages of
Developm enstages
Jung groups the t of life into four general periods –
childhood, youth, middle life and old age. He compared the trip
through life to the journey of the sun through the sky, with the
brightness of the sun representing consciousness.

Childhood- early morning sun, full of potential, but

still lacking in brilliance (consciousness)
Youth- the morning sun, climbing toward the zenith,
but unaware of the impending decline.
Middle life– early afternoon sun, brilliant like the
late morning sun, but obviously headed for the
sunset.
Old age– the evening sun, its once bright
consciousness now markedly dimmed.
Ch ildh oo
dthe period between the end of infancy
(about 2 years of age) and the onset of
puberty, marking the beginning of
adolescence (10–12 years of age).

1 Anarchic Phase- chaotic and sporadic

consciousness
Monarchic Phase - the development of the ego and
2 by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking.

3 Dualistic Phase - the ego as perceiver

arises.
 Youth
the period from
puberty until
middle life

Youth is , or s hould be, a

period of increas e activity,
maturing sexuality, growing
cons cious nes s , and
recog nition that the problem-
free era of childhood is gone
forever.
Middle
Life
begins at approximately
age 3 5 or 40, a person is
often evaluating his or
her own life.
a period of age beyond
young adulthood but
before the onset of old
age.
Old
Age
the final stage of the
normal life span.
frequently define as 60
or 6 5 years of age or
OLDER
Self-realization
psychological rebirth or individuation, is the process
of becoming an individual or whole person.

Self-realized people are able to contend with both their

external and their internal worlds. Unlike psychologically
disturbed individuals, they live in the real world and make
necessary concessions to it. However, unlike average people,
they are aware of the regressive process that leads to self-
discovery. Seeing unconscious images as potential material
for new psychic life, self-realized people welcome these
images as they appear in dreams and introspective reflections
Self-realization is extremely rare and is achieved only by people
who are able to assimilate their unconscious into their total
personality.

Self-realized person must allow the unconscious self to become

the core of personality.

Self-realized person is dominated neither by unconscious

processes nor by the conscious ego but achieves a balance
between all aspects of personality.

Self-realized people are able to contend with both their external

and internal worlds.
J un g' s
Meth ods of
In vest igation
“Not everything I bring forth is
written out of my head, but much
of it comes from the heart also.”
Jung asserted that the
psyche could not be
understood by the
intellect alone, but
m ust be gr asped by
th e total person.
Meth ods of In vest igation
Wor d Associat ion
Test

Dream Analysis

Act ive

Im agin at ion
Wor d Associat ion
Test
Based on the principle that complexes
create measurable emotional
responses.

From Jung’s observations certain types of

reactions indicate that the stimulus word
has touched complex.
Examples of such responses are:
Restricted breathing, delayed reactions,
multiple responses, disregard of
instructions, failure to respond; and
other such as
Blushing, stammering, laughing,
coughing, sighing, clearing of
throat.
Dr eam
An alysis
Dr eam s ar e our un con scious
and spontaneous attempt to
know the unknowable, to
com pr eh en d a r ealit y that
can only be expressed
symbolically.

Purpose: to uncover elements from the

personal and collective unconscious and
to integrate them into consciousness in
order to facilitate the process of self
realization.
 Dreams offered proof of the existence of the collective
unconscious which includes:
Big Dreams - dreams with special meaning to people.
Typical Dreams - common to most people.
Ear liest dr eam s r em em ber ed.

“Their frequent appearance in individual case material, as well as their universal

distribution, prove that the human psyche is unique and subjective or personal
only in part, and for the rest is collective and objective” (p. 291).
Active
Im agin at ion
Requir es a per son t o begin
with any impression, in
other words, dream image,
picture, visualization an d to
con cen t r ate that image to
“move”, talking to the image
and letting it lead the p er son
t o ward s plac es
Psychotherapy
4 Basic Approaches to Therapy:
Confession of a Pathogenic
Secret
Interpretation, Explanation and
Elucidation Education of patients as social
beings Transformation
Transformation
The therapist must be
trans formed into a
healthy human being.

Especially employed with

patients who are in the second
half of life and who are
concerned with realization of
the inner self, with moral and
religious problems.
Transference Countertransference
Importance of Transference A therapist’s feelings toward the patients.
Depending on the res ult, it can hinder or
During the first three stages
help in treatment depending on whether
of
it can better the relationship between
therapy
the patient and the therapist.
Regards that both positive
and negative transference
are naturally concomitant to
patients’ revelation.
Jungian psychotherapy has many minor
goals and a variety of techniques, and
no universal description of a person
who has successfully completed
analytical treatment is possible.

Jung warns against digging too deeply in

land not properly surveyed, that digging
too deep into a person’s unconscious
psyche as not much is known in that
aspect and it could lead to potential
dangers.
Related
Resear ch
 Th e Myer s- Br iggs Type in dicator

S o what is M B TI?
The MBTI is used to help individuals understand their own
communication preference and how they interact with others.
It talks about preference and not capability.
 Th e Myer s- Br iggs Type in dicat or

Purpose: to raise awareness of a person’s preference in communication and

interaction and to show other styles that can add value towards
communication and interaction, and how to do it.
Per son alit y
Type and
Leadership
M B TI has been us ed
extens ively in organizational
behavior research, specifically
related to leadership and
managerial behaviors.
Per son alit y Type
Am on g Cler gy
an d Churchgoers
Studies amongst the personality type
of the clergy and churchgoers circled
around comparison for the preference
of the sensing vs intuition and judging
vs perceiving.
Wh er ein it was seen th at t he
Sen se- J udgin g pr ofile was m or e
pr efer r ed. As according to the
previous theorists S J leaders
valued formal, dignified, and
predictable worship services.
A Cr itical Look
at th e Myer s-
Br iggs Type
Indicator
(MBTI)
Personality is not so black and white
as types would suggest.
Cr itique of
J un g
Despite Jung’s regard of being a
scientist and insistence that his study
of religion, mythology, folklore and
philosophy being s cientific, his
A nalytical Ps ycholog y mus t be
evaluated against the criteria of a
useful theory.

01 02 03
It m ust be able to gen er at e It m ust h ave t he capacit y A t heor y should
a testable hypothesis and for ver ification or or gan ize obser vat ion s
descriptive research falsification . in to a m ean in gful
fr am ewor k.
Cr itique of
J un g
Despite Jung’s regard of being a
scientist and insistence that his study
of religion, mythology, folklore and
philosophy being s cientific, his
A nalytical Ps ycholog y mus t be
evaluated against the criteria of a
useful theory.

04 05 06
It m ust be Consistency and Parsimony.
pr act ical. oper at ion ally defin ed
t er m s.
 1. It m ust be able t o gen er at e a
testable hypothesis and
descriptive research.

2. It must have the capacity

for verification or
falsification.

Unfortunately, Jung’s theory like Freud’s is nearly impossible

to verify or falsify, and the core of Jung’s theory which is
the collective unconscious remains difficult to test
empirically.
 Wh y?
Much of the evidence of Jung’s collective unconscious
comes from his own experiences, which he found difficult
to communicate with others, so rather than empirical
evidence, it relies on faith.
Jung ’s s tatement of, “archetypal s tatements are
bas ed upon instinctive preconditions and have
nothing to do with reason; they are neither rationally
grounded nor can they be banished by rational
argument.”
This statement may be acceptable by theologians
or artists, but for scientific researchers, it is not
likely that they will pay heed to this.
 Wh y?
Another is because Jung’s theory
is concerned with classification
and typology.
3 . A t h eor y sh ould or gan ize
obser vation s in t o a
m ean in gful framework.
Jung’s Analytical psychology adds a new dimension to personality
theory, which is the collective unconscious, which is not touched by
most of the other personality theories.

4 . It m ust be pr actical.
Does the theory aid therapists, teachers, parents, or others in
solving everyday problems?
5. Consistency and
operationally defined terms.
Is it consistent? Does it possess a set of operationally defined terms?

6 . Par sim on y.
Jung’s theory is given a low rate of parsimony as it is more complex
t h an necessary.
J un g' s
Con cept of
Humanity
1. Complex with many
oppos ing poles.
“For every reaction, there is
a counter reaction and for
every person, there contains
a shadow.”
humans are too complex to
identify under one
categ ory.
J un g' s
Con cept of
Humanity
2. M otivated by caus al
and teleological factors.
H umans are motivated both
by the conscious and the
unconscious.
They are pushed by both
their will (determination and
life’s aspirations) and
unknown causes (hidden
desires)
 Key Ter m s an d
Con cept s
Personal unconscious
C ollective unconscious Archetypes
Formed by the
Helps shape many of Contents of the
repres s ed
human’s attitudes, collective
experiences and is
behaviors , and uncons cious Typical
the res ervoir of the
dreams archetypes include:
complexes.
Persona
Shadow
Anima
Persona
Animus
The side of personality
Great
that people s how to
mother
the rest of the world.
W is e old
man Hero
Self
 Key Ter m s an d
Con cept s
Anima Animus
Feminine s ide of M as culine s ide of
men Res pons ible for women Great mother
many of their Res pons ible for A rchetype of
irrational thinking the fertility and
and illog ical moods irrational thinking destruction
and feelings and illogical opinions
of women

Wise old man Hero

Intellig ent but Uncons cious imag e of
deceptive voice a person who
of accumulated conquers an evil foe
experience but who als o has
tragic flaw.
 Key Ter m s an d
Con cept s
Self
A rchetype of Introversion and extraversion can combine
completeness, with any one or more of the four functions -
wholenes s , thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition - to
and produce eight basic types.
perfection.

A healthy middle life and old age Jungian therapists use dream analysis and
depend on proper solutions to the active imagination to discover the
problems of childhood and youth. contents of patients’ collective
unconscious.
Thank you for
listening!