Professional Documents
Culture Documents
in
JAVA
TOPICS TO COVER:--
Array declaration and use.
One-Dimensional Arrays.
Passing arrays and array elements as parameters
Arrays of objects
Searching an array
Sorting elements in an array
ARRAYS
An array is group of like-typed variables that are referred to
by a common name.
scores 50.5
50 12.8
12 4.05
45 78
7.8 66
0.66100
1.00125
12.5
An array of size N is indexed from zero to N-1
An array can be of any type. INTEGER
FLOAT
scores[2]
refers to the value 45 (the 3rd value in the array)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
50 12 45 78 66 100 125
5
DECLARAING ARRAYS
The general form of 1-d array declaration is:-
type var_name[ ]; 1. Even though an array variable
“scores” is declared, but there
int, float, char array name is no array actually existing.
2. “score” is set to NULL, i.e.
E.g.:--- int scores [ ]; an array with NO VALUE.
8
ARRAY INITIALIZATION
Giving values into the array created is known as
INITIALIZATION.
The values are delimited by braces and separated by commas
Examples:
int[ ] units = {147, 323, 89, 933, 540, 269, 97, 114, 298, 476}
char[ ] letterGrades = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', ’F'};
Note that when an initializer list is used:
the new operator is not used
Example:- System.out.println(units[4]);
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
int[ ] units = {147, 323, 89, 933, 540, 269, 97, 114, 298,
PROCESSING ARRAY ELEMENTS
Often a for( ) loop is used to process each of the elements
components
EXAMPLE:- int i;
score [0]
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
System.out.println(+score[i]);
}
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
score 50 12 45 78 66 100 125
int i; score [1]
for(i=1;i<=2;i++)
{
System.out.println(+score[i]);
}
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
score 50 12 45 78 66 100 125
Bounds Checking
Once an array is created, it has a fixed size
14
Bounds Checking
For example, if the array score can hold 100 values, it
can be indexed using only the numbers 0 to 99
If i has the value 100, then the following reference will
cause an exception to be thrown:
System.out.println (score[i]);
It’s common to introduce off-by-one errors when using
arrays
problem
student
Chris,101,85
student[0]
student[1]
Brad, 102,75.8
student[2]
student[3] Andrew, 103,75.9
Recursion
• Recursion is the process of defining something
in terms of itself.
• It allows a method to call itself.
compute()
}
TWO- DIMENSIONAL
ARRAY
DECLARATION:-
Follow the same steps as that of simple arrays.
Example:-
int [ ][ ]; int chart[ ][ ] = new int [3][2];
chart = new int [3][2];
INITIALIZATION:-
15 16
int chart[3][2] = { 15,16,17,18,19,20}; 17 18
19 20
int chart[ ][ ] = { {15,16,17},{18,19,20} };
15 16 17
18 19 20
PRACTISE
The daily maximum temperature is recorded in 5 cities during 3
days. Write a program to read the table elements into 2-d array
“temperature” and find the city and day corresponding to “ Highest
Temperature” and “Lowest Temperature” .
Write a program to create an array of objects of a class student. The
class should have field members id, total marks and marks in 3
subjects viz. Physics, Chemistry & Maths. Accept information of 3
students and display them in tabular form in descending order of the
total marks obtained by the student.