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 Chapter 11

COMMUNICATION

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 Learning Objectives

 Identify the main functions of communication

 Describe the communication process and
distinguish between formal and informal
communication
 Identify the common barriers to effective
communication
 The importance of negotiation
 Tips on how to negotiate

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 Introduction

 In any organization, communication is vital as it

helps to accomplished goals, solved problems,
overcome challenges as well as setting up
strategies.
 Communication is a process of conveying
information through the exchange of thoughts,
messages, or information, as by speech,
visuals, signals, writing, or behavior and the
information is being shared between two or
more people.
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 Functions of Communication

 In an organization, communication plays the

following functions:

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 The Communication Process

 Communication process involves seven

elements which are:

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 DIRECTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
 Communication flows vertically and also
laterally.
 However , vertical communication is further be
subdivided into two:
– downward communication
– upward communication.

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 Downward Communication

 Happens when a managers or a person of a

higher position instructs, delegates and share
information with employees and others who are
a level lower than the sender.

 Downward communication would be well

accepted by the employees should the
employees are been given a clear idea or
reasons why the instruction are being made.

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 Upward Communication

 Upward communication is a communication flow

which happens and originated from the employee
of a level below sending messages to the
managers or supervisors who are off a higher
position
 Types of information shared are:
– Performance Report
– Suggestions for Improvements
– Problems and Challenges
– Grievances and Disputes
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 Lateral Communication

 Lateral communication is an exchange of

information which flows among employees of
the same level
 It has two effects :
– Positive Side
• Saves time and facilitates coordination if it is being
monitored successfully
– Disapproving side
• Conflicts would arise and it would effect
productivity
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 Interpersonal Communication

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 Organizational Communication

 A network of information which flows through

the organization with the intention to achieve
the organizational goals, vision and mission.
 Besides the upward and downward
communication channel, grapevine, video
conferencing and electronic communication is
being used heavily as a communication mode

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 7 Barriers To Effective
Communication

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 Ways to improve
communication

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 Conclusion

 Communication is the basis of every

interpersonal relationship.
 It helps to reduce conflicts and avoid
misunderstanding which would affect the
communication among all.
 In an organization, effective communication is
very much needed to ensure that the
employees would be able to work in a team to
achieve the goal of the organization itself.

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