DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

GROUP 1
1. DINA INDRIANI (205401446286)
2. INDAH PURNAMA SARI (205401446242)
3. JACKLEAN FERDINAN (205401446261)
4. NUFUS HIKMATUL JANNAH
(205401446341)
5. NUR SARIFAH MUNAWAROH
(205401446277)
6. YASMIN NIZMADILLA (205401446262)
The digestive process is a process that involves the digestive organs and
glands. The digestive system functions to break down food ingredients into
food juices that are ready to be absorbed in the body.

Based on the process, food digestion can be divided into two types, Namely :
1) Mechanical process, namely chewing by the teeth with the help of the
tongue and pressing the food that occurs in the stomach.
2) Chemical process, namely the dissolution and breakdown of food by
digestive enzymes by converting large molecules of food into small
molecules.

The process of digestion includes the following matters.

3) Ingestion: entry of food into the body through the mouth.
4) Mastication: the process of chewing food by the teeth.
5) Deglutition: the process of swallowing food in the esophagus.
6) Digestion: conversion of food into simpler molecules with the help of
enzymes, found in the stomach.
7) Absorption: the process of absorption, occurs in the small intestine.
8) Defecation: removing food waste that is no longer useful for the body
through the anus.
 THE ORGANS
THE ORGANS AND THEIR
AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS

• MOUTH
Chewing is the first mechanical process of the digestive system and its happening in
our mouth. Movements of the lower jaw in chewing are brought about by the
muscles of mastication (the masseter, the temporal, the medial and lateral
pterygoids, and the buccinator). The sensitivity of the periodontal membrane that
surrounds and supports the teeth, rather than the power of the muscles of
mastication, determines the force of the bite.
THE ORGANS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
• Esophagus
The esophagus (esophagus) is a long tube that connects the throat and stomach. The
length of the esophagus is about 20-25 cm, starting from the trachea (windpipe) and
extending to the top of the stomach.
At the beginning of the esophagus there is an epiglottis, This valve serves to prevent
the entry of food or fluids into the lungs.
The contraction and relaxation of the muscles is squeezing and pushing motion that
helps food move toward the stomach that we called peristalsis move. The same
movements also occur in the small intestine and large intestine.
THE ORGANS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
• Stomach
The stomach serves as a temporary receptacle for storage and mechanical
distribution of food before it is passed into the intestine. The stomach has
three layers of muscle
1. an outer longitudinal layer
2. a middle circular layer
3. an inner oblique layer.
The stomach has the ability to expand or contract depending upon the
amount of food contained within it. There’s aliquid inside the stomach called
gastric acid. Gastric acid will melt the food into a softer form. And usually
stomach is absorbing protein and fats.
THE ORGANS AND THEIR
•
FUNCTIONS
Small intestine
Small intestine is a long, narrow, folded tube extending from the stomach to
the large intestine; it is the place where the absorption happen. It is about 6.7
to 7.6 metres (22 to 25 feet) long, highly convoluted, and located in the
central to lower abdominal cavity. There are 3 parts of small intestine :
1. Duodenum : The function of the duodenum in the small intestine is as a
starting place for absorption of food. food will be broken down into
simpler nutrients so that they can be absorbed and circulated by the
blood.
2. Jejunum : The main function of the jejunum is to absorb sugars, amino
acids and fatty acids.
3. The main function of the end of the small intestine is to absorb
substances that are generally absorbed by the ileum are vitamin B12 and
bile salts which will be recycled into bile.
THE ORGANS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
• The large intestine (Colon)
The large intestine or colon is the part of the intestine between the
appendix and rectum. The main function of the large intestine is to absorb
the remaining water from the remaining food. This organ is also the place
where digestive waste that is not used by the body flows into the rectum
to be excreted in the form of feces. The process is also called peristalsis
and usually takes up to about 36 hours.
THE ORGANS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
• Rectum
The rectum is an 8-inch space that connects to the colon and anus.
The job of the rectum is to receive feces from the large intestine,
notify you that there is stool to be passed, and hold the stool until
elimination takes place.

When something (gas or feces) gets into the rectum, sensors send
messages to the brain. The brain then decides whether or not the
rectal contents can be removed. If you can, the muscles relax and
the rectum contracts, expelling its contents. If the contents cannot
be expelled, it contracts and the rectum is accommodated, so
sensation is lost.
THE ORGANS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

• Anus
The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. This section consists of
the pelvic floor muscles and two anal sphincters (internal and external
muscles). The pelvic floor muscles create an angle between the rectum
and anus that stops the feces from passing not at the right moment. The
internal sphincter prevents us from going to the bathroom when we
sleep, or not noticing the presence of feces.
THANK YOU 