Research

Influence of
Smartphones on
Depression Among
Young Adults During
Covid-19 in India
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Introduction
Literature Review
Research objectives
Research questions
Hypotheses
Research Presentation
Methodology
Outline
Results
Analysis and Interpretation
Conclusion & Limitations

Introduction
01 02 03 04
In early December 2019, the • To help cope with all • Addictive use of AIM: In this paper,
symptoms of COVID-19 this negativity around smartphones directly relationship between
emerged in the Huanan individuals engaged in affects the mental excessive smartphone
Seafood Wholesale Market smartphones , video illness and researches usage and depression
in Wuhan, China. games , social media as have investigated the during COVID 19 in India.
• The WHO issued an these activities help relationship between
emergency alert on ease the stress smartphones and
January 30, 2020 • Even education shifted mental disorders.
• Numerous rigorous online: adds to the • Widespread among
quarantine and fever hours spent on gadgets. adolescents attending
surveillance procedures college
were underway.
Literature Review
“An investigation of mental health status of “Effects of home confinement on mental health
children and adolescents in china during the and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19
outbreak of COVID-19” by Li Duan, XiaojunShao, outbreak: Insight from the ECLB-COVID19
Theory Yuan Wang, Yinglin Huang, Junxiao Miao,

Theory multicenter study” by Achraf Ammar, Khaled
Xueping Yang, Gang Zhu dated 1st Oct 2020 Trabelsi, Michael Brach, Hamdi Chtourou, Omar
01 • Anxiety, depression, inattention, irritability,
02 Boukhris dated 01st Jan 2021.
mood swings, and poor sleep quality as a • Drastic increase in usage of technologies is a
common problem during the quarantine in the risk factor of developing psychological
COVID-19 pandemic conditions
“The enemy who sealed the world: effects

“Psychological Distress and Loneliness Reported
quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality,
by US Adults in 2018 and April 2020” by Emma E.
anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian
McGinty, PhD, Rachel Presskreischer, MS, Hahrie
population” by Maria Casagrande, Francesca
Theory Favieri, Renata Tambelli dated Nov 2020 Theory Han, PhD dated June 3, 2020
• Showed that adults aging 18-29 are suffering
03 • 57.1% of Italians who participated in an online 04 the most from the pandemic with 25%
questionnaire, suffered from reduced sleep
reporting major psychological distress.
quality
• Most affected age group from psychological
• Mostly affected age group from sleeping
distress is between 18-28
disorder is the age group between 18-24
Gap found from Literature Review
Few research papers showing relationship between excess smartphone

usage and depression during COVID-19 in India.
Research Objectives
Objective #1
To find the relationship between the smartphone
usage and Depression
Objective #2
To study the effects of excess smartphone usage
on young adults
Research Questions
#RQ 1 #RQ 2
How is excessive usage of What is the impact of COVID
smartphones causing 19 on the usage of
depression and anxiety smartphones?
among the population?
Hypothesis
Hypothesis#1
01 The pandemic triggers excess smartphone usage
among young adults
Hypothesis#2
02 The pandemic triggers sleeping disorders among
young adults.
Hypothesis#3
03 Excess smartphone use is positively associated
with depression.
Methodology
Sample
Type of study: Probability sampling:  Young adults i.e., the age Data collection methods
group of 20-24 years. (WHO)
Cluster sampling (Two
 Qualitative  Nationality: Indian i. Focus Interviews
stage)
 Descriptive research  Heavy usage of smartphone
ii. Questionnaire (110
i.e., more than 4 hours a day
design respondents)
Testing of Hypotheses #1
“The pandemic triggers excess smartphone usage among young adults”
• Before and during lockdown phase comparisons were performed Has your screen time increased after COVID-19?
by Student’s t-test.
• In all cases, differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. 12%
• The lockdown/pandemic situation increased reliance on various
Yes
electronic devices to connect online, and this resulted in increased
No
screen time.
• Smartphone use increased significantly (p < 0.05) and drastically.
• Depressive symptomatology increased from 8% to 28%, among 88%
young adults.
Exposure to screen time among young adults as mean ± SD
After Student’s t
Before COVID-19 p-value
COVID-19 test
1.14019E-16
Smartphone usage 3.55 ± 1.64 8.1 ± 5.37 9.68
(which is <0.05)
As t test value is very high there is significant difference between the usage of smartphones. Thus, the usage of smartphones
Free SlideSalad PowerPoint Template increased drastically after COVID-19 lockdown. Copyright (C) SlideSalad.com All rights reserved.
Testing of hypotheses #2
"The pandemic triggers sleeping disorders in young adults"
Exposure to screen time among young adults as mean ± SD

Before COVID- After Student’s
19 COVID-19 t test
p-value
Sleep 2.48E-18 (which is
6.92 ± 1.04 4.97 ± 1.83 10.40
duration <0.05)
• Home confinement and restricted access led to reduced physical activity and increased screen
exposure, which might have played a major role in disturbing sleep patterns.
• Sleep duration increased in young adults significantly (p < 0.05) during lockdown versus
before lockdown.
• Interestingly, a relatively high proportion of young adults admitted to be excessively sleepy,
depending upon the situation.
• Increased smartphone use among young adults was negatively correlated with sleep duration
(r = −0.23)
Testing of hypotheses #3
“Excess smartphone use is positively associated with depression”
• PHQ-9 score was found to be positively associated with screen time among young adults
Correlation analyses also revealed that depression was the most strongly associated variable
with excess smartphone usage. (r = 0.93)
• A standard multiple regression analysis investigated if addictive smartphone behaviors could
be predicted by the variables incorporated within this study.
• The strongest predictor was shown to be depression(p < 0.05). This may indicate that people
who experience depression may be more likely to engage in behaviors that resemble
smartphone addiction.
Regression model predicting excessive Student’s t-test

smartphone behavior scores Studen
Smartphon PHQ-9
t’s p-value
Regression equation = 1x+0.21 e hours score
t test
R2 Adj. R2 0.0027 (which is
8.11 ± 5.38 10.56±7.39 10.40
<0.05)
Depression 0.8624 0.861
Conclusion & Recommendations
Depression is a leading cause of disability around the world and contributes greatly to
the global burden of disease. The effects of depression can be long-lasting or
recurrent and can dramatically affect a person’s ability to function and live a
rewarding life.
• Based on our study and our first objective "to find the relationship between the
excess smartphone usage and Depression due to the pandemic." fulfilled as we
were able to find out relation between it successfully, i.e excessive use of
smartphone is causing depression using t test and regression analysis.
• Our Second objective is "to study the effects of excess smartphone usage on
young adults" And it was also fulfilled as we found out various effects on Mental
health increased drastically as the physical well-being was imbalanced as screen
time increased, and the sleep schedule altered. Sleep is key promoter of emotional
wellness and mental health, and helps reduce stress, depression and anxiety.
We also answered our two research questions in our testing of hypotheses.

Limitations of Our Study
Limitation1 Limitation 3
Limits of self-reported data 01 03 Implementation of data collection
method
Limitations
of Our Study
Limitation 2 Limitation 4
Lack of prior research on our study 02 04 Time limit
topic
THANK YOU !

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Research

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Influence of

Analysis and Interpretation

Conclusion & Limitations

Theory Yuan Wang, Yinglin Huang, Junxiao Miao,

“The enemy who sealed the world: effects

Few research papers showing relationship between excess smartphone

Exposure to screen time among young adults as mean ± SD

Exposure to screen time among young adults as mean ± SD

Regression model predicting excessive Student’s t-test

We also answered our two research questions in our testing of hypotheses.

You might also like

Research

Uploaded by

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Copyright

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Did you find this document useful?

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Research

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Influence of

Analysis and Interpretation

Conclusion & Limitations

Theory Yuan Wang, Yinglin Huang, Junxiao Miao,

“The enemy who sealed the world: effects

Few research papers showing relationship between excess smartphone

Exposure to screen time among young adults as mean ± SD

Exposure to screen time among young adults as mean ± SD​

Regression model predicting excessive Student’s t-test

We also answered our two research questions in our testing of hypotheses.

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Exposure to screen time among young adults as mean ± SD