Multiplication and

Division of Decimals
MULTIPLYING TENTHS
BY TENTHS
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To multiply up to the tenths place:
Multiply as you would with whole
numbers.
The number of decimal places in the
product is determined by the total
number places in the factors.
 Mang Berto, a farmer, owns a
0.5 hectares (ha) of land. He
cultivated 0.3 of it for
vegetable farming. How big is
his vegetable farm?
To find the answer to the problem,
multiply 0.5 by 0.3. that is, find the
product using the equation 0.3 x 0.5
= n.
The following figure illustrates the problem.
Complete Answer:

Mang Berto’s vegetable farm

measures 0.15 ha.
Now, study the following examples.

1. 0.3  1 decimal place

x 0.2  1 decimal place
0.06  2 decimal places
2. 0.6  1 decimal place
x 0.5  1 decimal place
0.30  2 decimal places
3. 0.7  1 decimal place
x 0.3  1 decimal place
0.21  2 decimal places
Here is another example.
7.2  1 decimal place
x 5.4  1 decimal place
288
360__
38.88 2 decimal places
 MULTIPLYING
HUNDREDTHS BY
TENTHS
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To multiply hundredths by tenths:
Multiply as with whole numbers.
The number of decimal places in the
product should be equal to the sum of
decimal places in the factors.
 Mang Rene had 0.75 kg of
beef in the freezer. He used 0.5
of it in cooking a viand with
some vegetables. How much
of the beef was used?
To find the answer to the given problem,
multiply 0.75 by 0.5.
Complete Answer:

Mang Rene used 0.375 kg of beef.

Now consider the following examples.
 MULTIPLYING
DECIMALS AND MIXED
DECIMALS BY WHOLE
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NUMBERS
To multiply a mixed decimal by a whole number:
 The product should have the same number of
decimal places as the mixed decimal.
 This follows the general rule in multiplying
decimals, that is, the number of decimal places
in the product is equal to the total number of
decimal places in the factors.
 A tailor needs 1.25 m of
cloth to sew a polo shirt.
How many meters of cloth
does he need to make four
polo shirts?
You can use a number line to model
the length of the cloth needed for
each polo shirt.
 The number line shows that the
dressmaker needs 5m of cloth to make 4
polo shirts. You can use repeated addition
as shown below.
 
1.25 + 1.25 + 1.25 + 1.25 = 5.0
 
 You can also multiply to find the
total, since you are combining our
pieces of equal lengths.
Find 4 x 1.25 = n
1.25  2 decimal places
x 4  0 decimal place
5.00  2 decimal places
Complete Answer:
The tailor needs 5 m of cloth.
Study these examples.
MULTIPLYING MIXED
DECIMALS
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To multiply a mixed decimals:
Multiply as you would with
whole numbers.
The number of decimal places in
the product is the total number of
decimal places in the factors.
 A cyclist travels at 32.5
km/h. How far can the cyclist
travel in 2.5 h?
To find the answer to the problem,
multiply 32.5 by 2.5.
 Multiply as you would with whole numbers.
 Then, add the number of decimal
places in the factors. The sum would
be the total number of decimal places
in the product.
 32.5  1 decimal place
x 2.5  1 decimal place
81.25  2 decimal places
Complete Answer:

The cyclist can travel 81.25 km in

2.5 h.
Here is another examples.
 
Let’s try this!
Count how many decimal
places should be shown in
each product.
 4.6 x 9.4

________ decimal place/s

 4.6 x 9.4

2 decimal place/s
 5.6 x 9.29

________ decimal place/s

 5.6 x 9.29

3 decimal place/s
 5 x 1.52

________ decimal place/s

 5 x 1.52

2 decimal place/s
 18.1 x 163

________ decimal place/s

 18.1 x 163

1 decimal place/s
 21.45 x 1.3

________ decimal place/s

 21.45 x 1.3

3 decimal place/s
Multiply.

0.6 x 0.4=__________
Multiply.

0.6 x 0.4= 0.24

Multiply.

0.21 x 0.4=__________
Multiply.

0.21 x 0.4= 0.084

Multiply.

1.8 x 3=__________
Multiply.

1.8 x 3= _5.4_
Multiply.

1.3 x 2.2=__________
Multiply.

1.3 x 2.2= 2.86

DIVIDING DECIMALS
BY WHOLE NUMBER
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To divide decimal by a whole number:

 Divide as you would with whole numbers.

 Put the decimal point in the quotient directly
above the decimal point in the dividend.
 Put a zero in the quotient when division is not
possible.
 One Saturday, three boys earned
₱192.75 by selling sampaguita
garlands. They shared their
earnings equally among
themselves. How much did each
boy earn?
 
 
The number line will guide you in finding
the answer to the problem.
 
 You divide to find the answer to
the given problem. The equation is
 Divide as you would with whole
numbers.
 
Complete Answer:

Each boy earned .

Study the following examples.
DIVIDING DECIMALS
WITH VALUES UP TO
HUNDREDTHS
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To divide decimals:

 Make the divisor a whole number by moving its

decimal point to the right.
 Then, move also the decimal point in the
dividend to the right the same number of
decimal places as in the divisor.
 Divide the values that you get.
 If 11.25 kg of dried fish were
packed in bags each
containing 0.75 kg, how
many bags were used?
You need to divide11.25 to 0.75 to find
the answer to the given problem.
Complete Answer:

Fifteen bags were used.

Study these examples.
 
If the quotient goes beyond three
decimal places, you can round off the
quotient to the nearest thousandths.
Thus,
 To divide tenths, first multiply the
dividend and the divisor by 10. Divide
the values that you get. Then, put the
decimal point in the quotient directly
above the decimal point in the dividend.
Here is another way to divide
decimals. Follow these steps
dividing 31.2 by 0.12.
Let’s try this!
Divide the following.
 

5 √ 6 .5
 
1.3

5__
15
15
0
 

6 √ 1.3 2
 
.22
2.
12
12
12
0
 

3 √ 38. 7
 
12.9
2.
3____
8
6
27
27
0
 
 
1.4
4.
12____
48
48
0
 

11 √ 35.86
 
3.26
4. 6
33____
28
22
66
66
0
WORD PROBLEMS ON
MULTIPLICATION AND
DIVISION
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WORD PROBLEMS ON
MULTIPLICATION
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 Ernie is making a bookcase for his
project. He used three boards, each
measuring 1.75 m long. What is the
total length of the three boards?
 
You can solve the problem using
the four steps in problem solving.
 Step 1. Understand the problem.
 Asked:
the total length of the three boards.

 Given facts: 1.75 m, length of each

boards; 3, the number boards
 Step 2.Plan what to do.

 Operation: Multiplication

 Equation: 3 x 1.75 = n
Solution:

21
1.75
x 3
5.25
Complete Answer:
The total length of the three boards
is 5.25m.
WORD PROBLEMS ON
DIVISION
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 The Montevista family drove 193.5
km in 3 h to attend the Pahiyas
Festival in Lucban, Quezon. What
was the average speed of the car?
You can follow the four steps in
problem solving.
 Step 1. Understand the problem.
 Asked: The average speed.

 Given facts: 193.5 km, the distance

traveled by the Montevista family; 3 h,
the number of hours that the family
traveled
 

Step 2.Plan what to do.

 Operation: Division

 Equation:
 
 Step 3. Solve the problem.
 

-18_____
13
-12
15
15
0
Complete Answer:
The average speed was 64.5 km/h.
QUIZ!
Write how many decimal
places should be shown in
each product.
1.

2.5 x 8.3

________ decimal place/s

2.

12.4 x 14.5

________ decimal place/s

3.

5.67 x 2.3

________ decimal place/s

4.

12.8 x 7

________ decimal place/s

5.

165.876 x 12.52

________ decimal place/s

Solve for the product.
6.

0.6 x 0.3=__________
7.

1.9 x 3=__________
8.

2.3 x 4=__________
Divide the following.
9.
 

3 √ 38. 7
10.

11 √ 35.86
ANSWERS!
1.

2.5 x 8.3

2 decimal place/s
2.

12.4 x 14.5

2 decimal place/s
3.

5.67 x 2.3

3 decimal place/s
4.

12.8 x 7

1 decimal place/s
5.

165.876 x 12.52

5 decimal place/s
6.

0.6 x 0.3= 0.18

7.

1.9 x 3= 5.7
8.

2.3 x 4= 9.2
Divide the following.
9.
 
12.9
10.

 
3.26