Punctuations

PROF. TAHIR ASHFAQ LECTURE-10

 Punctuations
Oral Communication
Business Correspondence Open & Close Punctuations
Written Communication
Pauses
Marks
 Punctuations
the use of spacing , conventional signs and
certain typographical devices as aids to the
understanding and correct reading of written
text, whether read silently or aloud.
 Purpose

Punctuations are used to create sense , clarity

and stress in sentences
 Pauses
Full Stop (.)

Comma (,)

Semi-colon ( ; )

Colon (:)
 Pauses

Hyphen (-)
Dash (_)
Parenthesis ( )
Caret (^ )
Apostrophe ( ‘ )
 Pauses
Full Colon Semi Comma
stop Colon
. > : > ; > ,
Longest Exp. Deals Shortest
Pause Sign With Pause
Inter dept.
Sentences
 Full stop ( . )

Fortune favours the bold.

Whom do you want to see?
How well she sings!
 Colon ( : )
►To explain sth.
I bought stationery: pen, pencil and eraser.
►To define sth. Economics:
►To quote sth.
Shakespeare claims: Nothing is good or bad or thinking makes it so.
►To example sth.
I bought stationery: pen, pencil and eraser.
 Semi-Colon ( ; )
He does not go out much; it is clear that he likes to stay at home.

Speech is silver but Silence is gold.

Speech is silver : Silence is gold.

 Comma ( , )
Comma deals with list of words
Today’s morning is chilly , windy and foggy.
To mark a Pause
Quaid-e-Azam, the founder of Pakistan, changed the
cartography of the world.
 Hyphen ( - )
To make Compound/Hyphenated Words
Father-in –Law Co-operation
For short Spacing
beau-ti-ful
Beauti-ful
 Dash ( ---- )
To relate Previous References
Man and Woman, Old and Young, Boy and Girl----all fought
for freedom.
Before and After the Explanatory Phrase
There will be time---a blessed time---when Kashmir be the
part of Pakistan.
 Parenthesis ( )
WTO( World Trade Organization) is offering relief Packages
for the third World Countries.

Parenthesis never harms the grammatical structure of a

sentence rather it is meant for additional meaning.
 Caret ( ^ )
Something missing which is given above

that
University is a place ^ decides the destiny of people.
 Apostrophe ( ‘ )
• To show possession

• boy’s pen instead of Pen of boy

• Boys’ College
Officers’ Academy
Men’s Store
Children’s World
Waqas’s House Abbas's House Keats’s Sensuousness
 Apostrophe ( ‘ )
In Contractions

doesn’t don’t won’t

 Marks
Interrogative Mark ( ? )
What brought you here?
Exclamatory Mark ( ! )
What an idea !
Quotation Mark ( “ “ )
He said , “ Honesty pays in the long run.”
 Capital Letters
►Used to begin a sentence
►Wisdom rules the world.
► for proper nouns Ahmad, Monday, Jinnah Library
►For important words not all the words in titles of books, films
► Around the World in Eighty Days.
►Used for ranks, titles and names of institutions
►The Chief Inspector of Schools.
 Difference

►Initials: PAC, ICAP, WTO, ISO, NPT,CTBT

►Abbreviations: Prof. Jan. Feb. Mr. Dr.
►Contractions: don’t , doesn’t ,didn’t
 Summary
Capital Letters
Full stop , Comma , Colon
Apostrophe
Quotation Mark
Exclamatory Mark
Interrogative Mark
 Practice Exercise
CSS Past Papers
Practice Exercises
Work-book
Online Links

Thanks !