IT 409

Web Application & Develo

 History of Internet

Internet is a huge Started in1960 US Dept. of Defense

collection of computers Internet = A network of networks DOD in collaboration with ARPA net
connected in a (Advances Research Project Agency)
communication
network
 Terminologies

World Wide Web: A type of service on the internet

It is a communication model that enables the exchange of information over the

internet

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee developed hypertext, the method of instant cross-

referencing that supports communications on the Web, making it easy to link content
on one web page to content located elsewhere
Elements of WWW-
Client & Server

Client: A Web client is a software ,

which requests files from a web
server
• It is also known as user agent

Examples: IE Firefox, Google

chrome, Safari etc.
Elements of WWW-
Client & Server

Server: A Web server is a software capable of storing

retrieving and distributing web application files
• It is a network application listening on a port
Examples: IIS Web Server, Apache Tomcat etc.
Elements of WWW

WEB LANGUAGES - HYPER TEXT MARKUP PROTOCOLS- SET OF RULES FOR THE
LANGUAGE(HTML) IS THE STANDARD COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE FOR INFORMATION PUBLISHING
EXAMPLES:- HTML, SCRIPTING LANGUAGES ETC. EXAMPLES:- HTTP,FTP etc.
 Web Page: A web page is HTML document that is
stored in a web server and that has a URL so that it can
be accessed via the web Examples www.gecskp.ac.in

Elements of WWW Home page: Front door of the website

Examples www.gecskp.ac.in/index.html.

Web site: It is a collection of web pages to a particular

person or organization
Examples Portal, Web guides, Search Engines, etc.
 What is the web?
• The World-Wide Web is a collection of documents
and services, distributed across the Internet and
linked together by hypertext links.
• The web is therefore a subset of the Internet.
Introduction • HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and
it is the most widely used language to write Web
Pages.
• A web page is HTML (Hyper Text Markup
Language) document (with the extension .html or
.htm) that describes to a web browser the document’s
content and structure.
 • Web application: A web-application is an
application program that is usually stored on a
remote server, and users can access it through the
use of Software known as web-browser.
Examples:- online shopping, search engines, etc.
Introduction • A web application is composed of web components
like Servlet, JSP, Filter etc. and other components
such as HTML.
• The web components typically execute in Web
Server and respond to HTTP request
http://www.google.com/index.html
 Types of Web Applications

Dynamic and Interactive:

Static:
Stored in the file system of web
server usually displays the same
information to all visitors
Constructed by a program(Servlet,
Jsp etc.). Provide individual
information to the user and let them
personalize the content according to
their preferences.
Prerequisites for
the Web
Architecture
Prerequisites for the Web Architecture

•Representation formats with a fixed standard: The most frequently

used formats are HTML and CSS; or XML when machines
communicate with one another.
•Protocols for data transfer: HTTP(mostly used) or HTTPS is used in
the web. Other applications, such as mail servers, use SMTP.
Determining the protocols used depends on the application.
•The standard for addressing: This refers to the URL (Uniform
Resource Locator) which is an instance of the more general concept
of URI. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters
used to identify a name or a resource on the Internet 
•Example : http://www.google.com/index.html
Web Architecture
WEB ARCHITECTURE IS THE CONCEPTUAL
STRUCTURE OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB
 Types of Web Architecture:
Web • Two-tier model
Architecture • Three-tier model
 •It is also known as “client server” model.
Clients and servers shared the tasks and
Two-tier model services that the system was supposed to
perform.
Two-tier model
Three-tier model

• Three-tier models include an

application logic between the
client and the server, which
handles the data processing and
allows a certain degree of
interaction
Three-tier model
XML-Extensible Markup Language

It is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is
both human-readable and machine-readable

XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language XML is a markup language much like HTML
XML was designed to store and transport data XML was designed to be self-descriptive

XML is a markup language much like HTML

XML was designed to store and transport data XML was designed to be self-descriptive
XML -Features
• The XML language has no predefined tags.
• The tags in the example above (like <to>
and <from>) are not defined in any XML
standard. These tags are "invented" by the
author of the XML document.
• HTML works with predefined tags like <p>,
<h1>, <table>, etc.
• With XML, the author must define both the
tags and the document structure.
• XML stores data in plain text format. This
provides a software- and hardware-
independent way of storing, transporting,
and sharing data
Example for XML
⟨note⟩
⟨to⟩ Tove ⟨/to⟩
⟨from⟩ Jani ⟨/from⟩
⟨heading⟩ Reminder ⟨/heading⟩
⟨body⟩ Don’t forget me this weekend
⟨/body⟩
⟨/note⟩

• XML IS JUST INFORMATION

WRAPPED IN TAGS
Difference between XML
and HTML

• XML and HTML were designed with different

goals
• XML was designed to carry data - with focus on
what data is
• HTML was designed to display data - with
focus on how data looks
• XML tags are not predefined like HTML tags
are
• With XML, the author must define both the tags
and the document structure.
 It simplifies data sharing

It simplifies data transport

Advantages of
XML
It simplifies platform changes

It simplifies data availability