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  • GROUP 2 C. Chemistry II Diabetes Mellitus July 2019 Zira, Fatrisya & Aisyah

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    Nur Hazirah Amani
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    This document discusses diabetes mellitus. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells and type 2 often caused by lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of exercise. Diagnosis involves testing blood glucose levels through methods like HbA1c tests and oral glucose tolerance tests. Complications of diabetes can affect the skin, eyes, nerves, feet, and internal organs like the kidneys and heart if not properly managed.

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    This document discusses diabetes mellitus. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells and type 2 often caused by lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of exercise. Diagnosis involves testing blood glucose levels through methods like HbA1c tests and oral glucose tolerance tests. Complications of diabetes can affect the skin, eyes, nerves, feet, and internal organs like the kidneys and heart if not properly managed.

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    14 views11 pages

    GROUP 2 C. Chemistry II Diabetes Mellitus July 2019 Zira, Fatrisya & Aisyah

    Uploaded by

    Nur Hazirah Amani
    This document discusses diabetes mellitus. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells and type 2 often caused by lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of exercise. Diagnosis involves testing blood glucose levels through methods like HbA1c tests and oral glucose tolerance tests. Complications of diabetes can affect the skin, eyes, nerves, feet, and internal organs like the kidneys and heart if not properly managed.

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    of 11

    DIABETES MELLITUS

    clinical chemistry ii
    pdml4343
    Name No. matric
    Nur Aisyah binti Ramzi MLT07190002
    Nur Hazirah Amani binti Halim MLT07190003
    Fatrisya Jemima binti Mohd Haffiz MLT07190008

    Lecturer name: Madam Nor Anizah binti Mohd Nor


    Diabetes Mellitus
    • Diabetes is a lifelong ( chronic ) disease and is a group of
    metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of sugar in
    blood ( hyperglycemia ). It is caused due to deficiency of
    insulin or both. Insulin in secreted by B-cells of pancreas to
    control sugar level.
    Pathophysiology
    Type 1
    Type 2
    Autoimmune
    Endocrine Viruses and
    disease
    decrease infection

    Damage of
    Drugs and Causes of type removal of the
    chemical toxins 1 diabetes pancreas

    Hereditary Autoimmune
    predisposition destruction of beta cells
    High blood Sedentary
    Unhealthy
    pressure lifestyle
    food

    Pancreatic
    diseases Causes of type Stress
    2 diabetes

    Obesity Genetic Smoking


    predisposition
    Sample Collection 2. Blood
    • Finger prick
    1. Urine
    • Simple dipstick test;
    check ketones, microalbumin,
    and protein.

    • Blood to be sent to lab


    Type of test;
    - HbA1c Blood Test
    - Oral Glucose Test
    - Fasting Plasma Glucose Test
    LAB DIAGNOSIS

    Glycated hemoglobin ( A1C )

    - This blood test, which doesn’t require


    fasting, indicates your average blood sugar
    level for the past two to three months
    - Measure the percentage of blood sugar
    attached to hemoglobin., the oxygen-
    carrying protein in red blood cell.
    Related Disease & Complications
    Diabetes Related Disease Diabetes Complications
    • Coeliac disease • Dupuytren’s
    contracture • Skin complications
    • Thyroid disease
    • Trigger finger • Eye complications
    • Polycystic ovary • Carpal tunnel
    syndrome syndrome • Neuropathy
    • Diabetes insipidus • Dental problems • Foot complications
    • Muscular conditions, • Insulin resistance and
    including: severe insulin resistance • DKA (ketoacidosis) & ketones
    • Limited joint • Kidney disease (nephropathy)
    mobility • Pancreatitis
    • Frozen shoulder • High blood pressure
    • Stroke
    Reference
    • https://www.everydayhealth.com/type-2-diabetes/how-is-diagnosed/
    • https://www.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2012/WHO-Laboratory-Dia
    gnosis-Diabetes-2002.pdf
    • https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/related-conditions
    • https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/complications
    • https://www.slideshare.net/varinderkumar62/diabetes-mellitus-intro
    ductiontypes-of-diabetes-mellitus

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