Inovasi Fiskal Untuk Pendanaan

Transportasi Perkotaan
 Tantangan .....
Dampak lingkungan lalu lintas sangat serius

Solusi berdayakan
angkutan umum, tetapi
bagaimana caranya ?

• Rubah kebiasaan berkendara ?

• Terapkan strategi terpadu 2
 Rail + Property Development ?

3
 Skema Pendanaan
1. Public Financing by Government
- Capital Grants

- Infrastructure Funds

2. Private Financing
- Bond, equity/share issue
- Loans, PFI, Profit sharing

3. Public Private Partnership

4
Farebox ratio ( Ticket revenue / Opex )
180%
160%
140%
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
 Pendapatan non-fare box

6
 Sumber CAPEX
O&M

1. OWN EQUITY (Modal sendiri) ✔ ✔

2. PAY AS YOU GO :
✔ ✔
• Pajak, retribusi, earmarking , CDM
✔
• Tiket
✔ ✔
3. DEBT: Hutang , Obligasi
✔ ✔
4. GRANT , dukungan pemerintah, subsidi (VGF )
✔ ✔
5. PPP: Partisipasi sektor swasta ( KPS)

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 Who Pays what for
Infrastructure Investment ?

Source : AFD, France

Who Pays What for Operation

Source : AFD, France

 Innovative Funds for
Urban Public Transport

1. Versement Transport (France)

2. Value Capturing & TOD (U.S.A, Japan)
3. (P+R) developmnt , Air rights & profit sharing (MRTC, HK)
4. Fuel tax, income tax, sale tax (Austin, Texas)
5. Congestion charges (London, Stockholm, Singapore)

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11
TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ( T O D)

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Value capture Objects by location

Zhirong, Zao, et.al.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 435 – 448 13

Kukaku-S e iri=Land Re adjus tme nt Pro je c t

Prior to project After project

Re s e rve
land

Park

Co ntributio n fo r Public Land and Re s e rve Land

Re adjus tme nt o f Land Rig hts
S e lf-Financ e by s e lling Re s e rve Land
Source: Takayuki Kishii (Nihon Univ.)
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Karakteristik Value capture

Source: Zhirong, Zao, et.al. 16

 Value capture realization by time

Zhirong, Zao, et.al. 17

Efektifitas Value Capture 18
 Affordability , Demand Risk
& Government Guarantees
Revenue ($) Revenue ($)

Revenue shared with Government

CADS(1)
Revenue Cap
CADS(2)
User paid
Minimum Revenue Guarantee

Government Revenue Support

time
Tenor of Contract

Risk Allocation Framework

Optimality
Clarity
Certainty

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 SIMPULAN
1. Beragam Sumber pendanaan angkutan
umum perlu dikembangkan dan di tangkap 
Pengaturan fiskal

2. Siapkan pendanaan khusus “Urban Transport

Trust Fund” agar sustainable

3. Siapkan Otoritas Transportasi Kota

Terima kasih…