TYPES

OF
COMMUNICATION
 Classification

Purpose and style

Communication mode
Context
 Types of Communication
According to Purpose and Style

•Formal
•Informal
Types of Communication
According to Purpose
and Style: Formal

• Lectures
• Public speeches
• Research/project
proposal
• Business letters
FORMAL

Employs formal
language delivered
orally or written
Types of Communication
According to Purpose
and Style: Informal

• Conversations with
friends, family members,
acquaintances
• Face-to-face, ordinary
talks, phone calls,
written/emails/text
messages
Informal

• Not formal
• Personal and
ordinary
 Types of
Communication
According to
Mode
VERBAL NON-VERBAL

MODE: The medium or

channel through which
communicative intent is
expressed.
WRITTEN VISUAL
 Verbal
Communication

The medium of the

message is oral.
 VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 Storytelling
 helps to constructing common meanings
 helps clarify key values and help demonstrate
how things are done
Verbal
Communication Crucial Conversations
 require more planning, reflection, and skill than
normal day-to-day interactions
 be aware of your communication style and
practice flexibility; it is under stressful situations
that communication styles can become the most
rigid
Make use of symbolic
behavior

Non-Verbal Communication
Non-Verbal
Communication

Facial expressions
Non-Verbal
Communication

Gestures
 Non-Verbal
Communication

Posture and body

language
Non-Verbal Communication

Touching
 Non-Verbal
Communication

Eye contact
 How aware of your own body
language are you? Has your body
Non-Verbal
language ever gotten you into
Communication
trouble when you were
communicating with someone?
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

Space
Placement of the emphasis What it means
I did not tell the teacher you Someone else told the teacher
were late. you were late. Non-Verbal
I did not tell John you were This did not happen. Communication
late.
I did not tell the teacher you
were late. I may have implied it.

I did not tell the teacher you But maybe I told Sharon and

were late. José.
I did not tell the I was talking about someone Tone
teacher you were late. else.
I did not tell the teacher
you were late. I told him you still are late.

I did not tell the teacher you I told him you were attending
were late. another meeting.
 If the meaning behind verbal
Non-Verbal communication is only 7%
Communication words, what does this imply for
non-verbal communication?
Written Communication
 the process of conveying
a message through the
written symbols
 includes memos,
proposals, e-mails,
letters, reports, training
manuals, and operating
policies
 may be printed on
paper, handwritten, or
appear on the screen
 When you see a memo or e-mail (or any
written com.) full of typos, poor grammar,
Written or incomplete sentences, how do you
Communication react? Does it affect your perception of
the Sender? Why or why not?
 use visuals to convey
Visual information
Communication Signs, symbols, imagery,
graphs, maps, charts,
diagrams, etc.
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Types of
Communication
According to Context*

• Intrapersonal
• Extended
• Organizational
• Intercultural

*A composite of people interacting with each other. (Who

you’re talking to and where)
Intrapersonal
Communication
Latin intra meaning within or
inside
Talking to oneself, inner talk
Psychologists call it “self-
verbalization” or “self-statement”
Intrapersonal Justify the importance of self-
Communication
verbalization.
 Intrapersonal
Communication

• Motivation and boosting

your confidence
• Creativity through
daydreaming
• Self-worth
INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
Interpersonal Communication

Latin inter
meaning between,
among and
together

Interactive
exchange
 INTERPERSONAL TRANSACTIONAL

Establish or deepen bonds or Achieve something at the end of

relationships conversation
Less serious and less formal Formal and profound(intense)

INTERPERSONAL VS. TRANSACTIONAL

 Interpersonal or Transactional?

Speaker A: Hello! I am KC Ramos. And you?

Speaker B: Oh, I am Susie Mendoza. Glad to meet you. How are you related
to the bride?
Speaker A: She is my cousin. Her mon and mine are sisters. How about you?
Speaker B: She was my high school classmate. I never knew anything about
her personal life so we were kind of surprised when she sent us the
invitation. As always, she is very private.
Speaker A: I see. Well, she’s like that. Ever since we were kids, she has
always been a very quiet person.
 Interpersonal or Transactional?

Speaker A: Excuse me. Would you know how to get to the nearest mall?
Speaker B: Yes. In fact, you may go there on foot or simply take a jeepney. If
you walk, it will take you 20 minutes to get there. You can just take the exit
gate near the hospital then turn left and walk straight ahead. You won’t
miss it because of the big sign. Jeepneys take the same route and t should
not take you more than 10 minutes even with the traffic.
Speaker A: Thank you very much. I think I will just take the public
transportation as I’m running out of time. You have been very helpful.
Thanks again.
EXTENDED
COMMUNICATION
Extended Communication
 Involve the use of electronic media
 Organizational
Communication

Organization is an
organized body of
people with a particular
purpose, especially a
business, society,
association, etc.
• Organizational communication is system of pathways
through which messages flow patterns of interaction
among people who comprise the organization (who
communicates with whom?)

• Organizational Communication is also defined as

“A program that focuses on general
communication processes and dynamics within
organizations”
Characteristics of Organizational Communication

Systematic

Formal and informal structure of

communication

Own culture
Systematic

 For an organization to be successful, a system of

communication should be put in place.
 clear set of rules or standards for communication
protocols
 Oral and written communication skills are required
Formal: type of organizational structure

 Allows communication via designated channels of

message flow between positions in the
organization

o Downward o Horizontal
o Upward o Diagonal
 Direction or Flow of
Communication

UPWAR
D
Diagonal

DOW
N
WARD
HORIZONTAL
COMMUNICATION
DOWNWARD
COMMUNICATION

from upper to lower(such as manager to employer or

superior to subordinate).

Types of messages: Job instructions, job rationales, procedures

and practices information, feedback, and indoctrination
15
Communication Flow: Downward

https://thebusinesscommunication.com
Communication Flow: Upward

Types of messages:
performance on the job, job
from lower to higher levels of
related problems, fellow
the organization (such as
employees and their
communication initiated by
problems, subordinate’s
subordinates with their
perceptions of organization
superiors).
policies and practices, tasks
and procedures

14
 Communication
Flow: Upward

From: https://study.com
Communication
Flow: Horizontal
• Flow of messages across functional
areas at a given level of an
organization (this permits people at
the same level to communicate
directly).
• Type of messages: facilitates
problem solving, info sharing
across different work groups, task
 https://blog.sandglaz.com/the-benefits-of-lateral-communication/

Communication
Flow: Horizontal
 Communication
Flow: Diagonal
• flows between persons at
different levels who have no
direct reporting relationships.
• is used to speed information
flow, to improve
understanding and to
coordinate efforts for the
achievement of
organizational goals.
 From: https://study.com

Communication
Flow: Diagonal
 • Communication does not follow
any prescribed rule or procedure

• The ‘grapevine’ emerges from

Informal
social and personal interests of
Communication
the employees rather than formal
requirements of the organization

• Employees’ dissatisfaction,
baseless gossips
Informal Communication

http://www.qsstudy.com/business-studies/demerits-limitations-grapevine-communication
Organization Culture

 Based on an organization’s history and

development, it develops its own core values, vision
and mission statements, goals and objectives.
 Culture dictates the kind of behavior employees
should possess
 Members share values, practices, etc.
 Organization
Culture
Company cultures are
like country cultures.
Never try to change
one. Try instead, to
work with what you’ve
got.”- Peter Drucker
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION

 This is a communication
between or among
people having different
linguistic, religious,
ethnic, social and
professional
backgrounds.
 Gender difference affects
communication.
 Individuals having
different orientations
communicate and
interpret messages
differently.
 Intercultural Communication

Direct eye contact for Australians means sincerity Direct eye contact for Indians is somewhat
and appropriate. inappropriate but not necessarily means insincerity.
Intercultural Communication

Nodding commonly means “yes” For Indians, nodding yes is this way.
Intercultural Communication

Seduction Filipinos gesture for “Ayon o/There it is.”

Words that have different meanings in other language
English Word Meaning Meaning in other
language
brat spoiled; ill-manned For Russian, brother and pals
For German, poison
fart emission of gas; boring person
For Scandinavian, gift

crap Poor quality; defecate For Romanian, fish sandwich

cookie a small sweet cake In Hungary, small penis

air invisible gas In Indonesia, water

service helping; doing work for someone In Japan, free
 HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR
COMMUNICATION
Verbal (In-Person) Communication.
1. Whenever possible, use face-to-face
communication in the workplace to eliminate
many of the misunderstandings that can
occur. Speaking directly with someone in
person allows both of you to see and hear the
bigger picture.
2. As you or your team member speak, you can
see each other's facial expressions and body
language. The emphasis on focusing on one
another and the conversation promotes a
feeling of value and credibility.
 HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR
COMMUNICATION
Non-Verbal Communication.
1. Your body language and facial expressions play a
vital role in how effective or ineffective you are at
communicating with staff members.
2. Eye contact makes people feel acknowledged as they
talk and listen.
3. A relaxed stance with your arms by your sides
encourages employees to feel comfortable in a
meeting.
4. If you rehearse what you're going to say before a
meeting, do so in front of a full-length mirror so you
can see if what your body language says matches up
with your words.
5. Employees will receive your words more positively if
your facial expressions and body language don't put
them on edge or the defensive.
 HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR
COMMUNICATION
Phone Conversations.
1. Use of the phone is a common part of most every
business day. Some people enjoy talking to team
members by phone. Others dislike it so much that
they put it off until the last minute.
2. You can positively impact the effectiveness of your
phone communication by doing three simple
things. Smile while you talk (in an appropriate
conversation, of course); it sounds silly, but it gives
your voice a friendlier tone.
3. Take notes before the conversation and use them to
ensure you cover all points. Finally, speak clearly
and slowly so your words are understood.
 HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR
COMMUNICATION
Written Communication.
1. Of all four communication styles, this is the one
that can lead to the most misunderstandings. People
often read between the lines or feel that there are
implied messages or emotions in written forms of
communication.
2. In a workplace situation, miscommunication should
and can be avoided:
1. Before you send an email to your employees, distribute
a memo or post an important notice on the staff bulletin
board, have an objective pair of eyes read it first.
2. A business coach or mentor can look over your written
communication and provide constructive criticism and
helpful suggestions.
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
In any form of communication, individuals or groups have
similar or opposite views and behaviors which are governed by
their respective moral principles. This reality affect how people
communicate in general – to whatever form of communication in
various contexts and settings. Thus, it is important to know and
understand fundamentals principles on ethical communication.
The following are ethical factors significant in the discussion of
communication ethics.
1. Building an information network

One of the goals of communication is to establish array

of communication networks where there is an open access
to various information shared by all participants within a
communicative entity. However, not all information should
be shared or disseminated especially if it is fake or of high
confidentiality. Credibility and trustworthiness are built
which makes a speaker communicatively ethical.
2. Engaging and participating

It is a responsibility to be actively involved in

various discussions, employ critical listening and
speak out what is in the mind. This is to avoid
monopoly of talking and give way to a number of
choices, possibilities, and alternatives.
3. Speaking with a heart
Relationship is one of the keys to effective
communication. To establish it, one must build a sense of
sincerity and commitment every time he talks to
someone. Choose the right word that may not offend or
humiliate a person. Being responsible and careful with
what is being said is ethically moral.
3. Speaking with a heart
Relationship is one of the keys to effective
communication. To establish it, one must build a sense of
sincerity and commitment every time he talks to
someone. Choose the right word that may not offend or
humiliate a person. Being responsible and careful with
what is being said is ethically moral.
4. Condemning discrimination

Avoid any kind of communication that leads to

distortion, intolerance, intimidation, stereotyping,
hatred, coercion, and violence. Instead commit to
communication that promotes personal conviction by
being fair and just.
5. Respecting and understanding each
other
Before judging and evaluating a view or a
perspective, learn first to respect and understand the
content of what is said. This opens a diversity of
perspectives and tolerance which is fundamental to
human interaction.
 References
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-communication-process-definition-steps.html
• https://effective_communication/index.jsp
• https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-communication-process-1689767
• http://healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/organisation-management/5a-understanding-
itd/effective-communication
• http://promeng.eu/downloads/training-materials/ebooks/soft-skills/effective-communication-skills.pdf
• http://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmanagement/chapter/12-5-different-types-of-communication/
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/management-and-
communication/
• http://www.qsstudy.com/business-studies/demerits-limitations-grapevine-communication