5

Matrix Methods to Solve

Simultaneous Equations
Simultaneous means happening or being
done at exactly the same time
 In Mathematics, an equation is a
mathematical statement in which two
things should be equal to each other.
An equation consists of two expressions on each side of
an equal sign (=). 

Expression 1 = Expression 2

4X + 2Y = 10

It consists of two or more variables.

 While substituting the values of the variables in an
equation, it should prove its equality. 

If X =2 and Y=1, then

= 4* 2 + 2 * 1
= 8 + 2 = 10
Matrix Methods to Solve
Simultaneous Equations
 3X + 2Y = 10
4X + 6Y = 15

3 2 X 10
X =
4 6 Y 15

Coefficients Variables Constants

5X + 2Y + 4 Z= 20
4X + 3Y + 9Z = 25
2X + 6Y + 3Z = 35

5 2 4 X 20
4 3 9 X Y = 25
2 6 3 Z 35
3X + 2Y = 10
4X + 6Y = 15

3 2 X 10
4 6
*
Y
= 15

Let Coefficient Matrix = A

Let Variable Matrix = X
Let Constant Matrix = B

A* X = B
X = B/A
X=A *B -1
 Question

1. 2x + y = 6
3x + 2y = 10

 Answer: x = 2 and y = 2

2. X + 2y = 8
2x – y = 1

 Answer: x = 2 and y = 3

3. 3x + 2y = 2
3x – y = 8

Answer: x = 2 and y = –2
Solve this system of equations by
using matrices.

1.

The solution is x = 2, y = 1, z = 3.

2.

The solution is x = 3, y = -2, z = 1.

3.

The solution is x = 1, y = -1, z = 1.

Cramer’s Method

Cramer’s Method When the number of

equations is equal to the number of unknowns
and the determinant of the coefficients has
non-zero value, then the system has a unique
solution which can be found by using Cramer’s
formula.
2X1+3X2+4X3 = 29 2X1+3X2+4X3 = 29
x1 +x2 +2X3 = 13 1x1 +1x2 +2X3 = 13
3X1+2X2+X3 = 16 3X1+2X2+1X3 = 16

D= 2 3 4
1 1 2
3 2 1
1 2 1 3 1 1
=2* 2 1
-3* 2 1
+4* 3 2

= 2 * (1 – 4) - 3 * (1 – 6) + 4 * (2 – 3)
= (2*-3) – ( 3* -5) + (4 * -1)
= -6 + 15 -4 =15 – 10 = 5
=5
2X1+3X2+4X3 = 29
1x1 +1x2 +2X3 = 13
3X1+2X2+1X3 = 16

D1 = 29 3 4
13 1 2
16 2 1
1 2 13 2 13 1
=29 * 2 1
- 3 * 16 1
+ 4 * 16 2

= 29 * (1 – 4) - 3 * (13 – 32) + 4 * (26 – 16)

= (29*-3) – ( 3* -19) + (4 * 10)
= -87 + 57 + 40 =97 - 87 = 10
= 10
2X1+3X2+4X3 = 29
1x1 +1x2 +2X3 = 13
3X1+2X2+1X3 = 16

D2 = 2 29 4
1 13 2
3 16 1
13 2 1 2 1 13
=2 * 16 1
- 29 * 3 1
+4*
3 16

= 2 * (13 – 32) - 29 * (1 – 6) + 4 * (16 – 39)

= (2*-19) – (29* -5) + (4 * -23)
= -38 + 145 -92=145 - 130 = 15
= 15
2X1+3X2+4X3 = 29
1x1 +1x2 +2X3 = 13
3X1+2X2+1X3 = 16

D3 = 2 3 29
1 1 13
3 2 16
1 13 1 13 1 1
=2 * 2 16
-3 * 3 16
+ 29* 3 2

= 2 * (16 – 26) - 3 * (16 – 39) + 29 * (2 – 3)

= (2*-10) – ( 3* -23) + (29 * -1)
= -20 + 69 - 29 =69 -49= 20
= 20
|D| = 5, |D1| = 10, |D2| = 15, |D3| = 20

X1 = |D1| / |D| = 10 / 5 = 2

X2 = |D2| / |D| = 15 / 5 = 3

X3 = |D3| / |D| = 20 / 5 = 4

X1 = 2, X2 = 3, X3 = 4