MA211 Mathematics 3B

Solutions to exercises on the use of Integration Tables

(Unless otherwise stated, in the following questions C represents an arbitrary constant of integration.)
1.

2.

3.

4.

 
 x 
dx
1
1
1 x
1

+C
=
tan
+
C
=
tan
x2 + 16
4
4
16
16
 x 16 
dx
1
1  x 4 


 + C = ln
= ln
+C
x2 16
8
x+4
2 16
x + 16
dx
=
2
x + 5x

[Integral (4)].

[Integral (5)].

dx
1  x 
= ln
 + C,
x(x + 5)
5
x+5
[Integral (7) a = 1, b = 0, c = 1, d = 5]




2
2
5
5
5

, put x + = u, dx = du :
or since x2 + 5x = x +
2
2
2
Z


1  x 
1
du
 u 5/2 
=
ln
ln
I =
+C =
 + C [Integral (5)].
u2 (5/2)2
2(5/2)
u + 5/2
5
x+5
Either I =

2x + 1
dx = 2
(x + 1)(x + 2)

Z
x
dx
dx +
(x + 1)(x + 2)
(x + 1)(x + 2)
x + 2

1
2 


ln |x + 1| 2 ln |x + 2| +
ln
=
+C
(1)
(1)
x+1
Z

[Integral (8), a = 1, b = 1, c = 1, d = 2;

(7), a = 1, b = 1, c = 1, d = 2]
= 2 ln |x + 1| + 4 ln |x + 2| ln |x + 2| + ln |x + 1| + C
= 3 ln |x + 2| ln |x + 1| + C = ln
5.

x2
dx =
x+7
=
=
=
=
=

6.

x2 (x + 7)1 dx

Z

1 2
1
x 14 x(x + 7) dx
2
Z
x2
7 x(x + 7)1 dx
2
Z


x2
1
7 x 7 (x + 7) dx
2
Z
1
x2
7x + 49
dx
2
x+7
x2
=
7x + 49 ln |x + 7| + C
2

x 3x + 4 dx =

|x + 2|3
+ C.
|x + 1|

[Integral (6), m = 2, n = 1]

[Integral (6), m = 1, n = 1]

[Integral (3), u = x + 7].


2
2 
3(3x) 2(4) (3x + 4)3/2 + C =
(9x 8)(3x + 4)3/2 + C
2
15(3)
135
[Integral (11)].
1

7.

8.

9.


x dx
2
2 

3x

2(4)
(3x 8)(3x + 4)1/2 + C
3x
+
4
+
C
=
=
2
3(3)
27
3x + 4

1
dx
3 x = u, dx = du we have
, then with
2 3x2
3
Z
 u 
r 3 
1
1
du
1
1
1

+ C = sin
x +C
= sin
I =
2
3
2 u2
3
2
3

Let I =

Let I =
I =
=
=
=

11.

x2

[Integral (32)].

1
dx
3 x = u, dx = du we have
then with
3x2 2
3

Z
du
1

u2 2
3

1
ln | u + u2 2 | + C
3

1
ln | 3x + 3x2 2 | + C
3
r

1 
1
2 
ln x + x2  + D
where arbitrary D = C + ln 3 [Integral (20)].
3
3
3

1 2
dx

=
x 2+C
2x
x2 x2 2

10.

[Integral (13)]

[Integral (26)].

x 2
2
1 2
2
2
x x 2 ln |x + x 2| + C
2 dx =
x 2 ln |x + x 2| + C =
2
2
2
[Integral (19)].

12. Since x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 2)2 1, write x + 2 = u, x = u 2, dx = du. Then

Z
Z

du
dx

=
= ln |u + u2 1| + C = ln |x + 2 + x2 + 4x + 3| + C
I =
x2 + 4x + 3
u2 1
[Integral (20)].
13. Since 7 + 6x x2 = 16 (x 3)2 , put u = x 3, du = dx. Then
Z
Z
 


du
dx
1 u
1 x 3
p
= p
= sin
+ C = sin
+C
4
4
(7 + 6x x2 )
(16 u2 )

[Integral (32)].

14. Since 5 4x x2 = 9 (x + 2)2 , put u = x + 2, du = dx. Then

Z
Z
2x + 6
2u + 2
p
p
du
dx =
(9 u2 )
(5 4x x2 )
Z
Z
u
du
= 2 p
du + 2 p
2
(9 u2)
(9 u )
u
1 p
= 2
(9 u2 ) + 2 sin1
+ C
[Integrals (2) & (32)]
(1)
3
x + 2
p
+ C.
= 2 (5 4x x2 ) + 2 sin1
3
2

15. Since 4x2 12x = (2x 3)2 9, put u = 2x 3, du = 2dx. Then

Z
Z
3u
12
3x 5
1
p
p2
dx =
du
2
(4x2 12x)
(u2 9)
Z
Z
1
3
u
du
p
p
=
du
4
4
(u2 9)
(u2 9)

3 2
1
=
u 9 ln |u + u2 9| + C
[Integrals (2) & (20)]
4
4


3 2
1 

2
=
4x 12x ln 2x 3 + 4x 12x + C.
4
4
16.

2 x

xe

x2 x
e

dx =
(1)

= x2 ex + 2

2
xex dx
(1)

i
1
x
(x

1)e
+ C
(1)2

= (x2 + 2x + 2)ex + C

[Integrals (74) & (73)].

1
3x = u, x = u, dx =
3
Z
h
i
1
1
2
2
u cos u du =
2u cos u + (u 2) sin u + C
I =
27
27

17. If I =

x2 cos(3x) dx then with

18.

dx
=
25 x2

1
du, we have
3
[Integral (53)]

2
1
x cos(3x) + (9x2 2) sin(3x) + C.
9
27
4
1  x 5 
[Integral (5)]
ln

10
x+5 3
 2 i
1 h 1
=
ln
ln
10
9
8


1  3 2
1 3
4
1
=
.
ln
= ln
= ln
10
9
10
2
5
2

dx
=
2
x 25

/3

1
1
and put 3x = u, x = u, dx = du. Then
3
3
0
Z
Z
1
1
1 2
u (sin u) du =
u2 sin u du
I =
9
3
27
0
0
i
1h
=
[Integral (47)]
2u sin u (u2 2) cos u
0
27
i
1h
1 2
=
0 ( 2 2)(1) (0 (0 2) 1) =
( 4).
27
27

19. Let I =

20.

21.

x2 sin(3x) dx,

h
 4 + p(12) 
i4

dx

= ln |x + x2 4|
= ln(2 + 3).
= ln
2+0
2
x2 4

e2x sin(3x) dx =

[Integral (20)].

i
h

1
3
1
2x
=
2
sin(3x)

3
cos(3x)
e
(0 (0 3)) =
2
2
(2) + 3
13
13
0
[Integral (75)].
3

22.

/3

Z
i/3
2 /3
1h 2
+
sin d
sin d = sin cos
3
3 0
0
h 1
i/3
2
2
=
sin cos cos
[Integral (45)]
0
3
3

 1  3 2 1 2 1 
2
1 1 2
5
0
= +
=

=
.
3 2 2 3 2
3
8 3 3
24
3

x
, dx = 3du. Then
3
Z u=/2
Z
x
dx =
3(tan u) du
tan
3
u=/6
/2
h
i/3
= 3 ln| sec u|
[Integral (58)]

23. Let u =

/6


h
i


= 3 ln(cos ) ln(cos )
ln sec u = ln cos u
6
3

 3

3
1
) ln( ) = 3 ln( 3) = 3 ln(31/2 ) = ln 3.
= 3 ln(
2
2
2

1
dx = du. Then
2
Z 1/4
Z u=1/2
1
1
sin (2x) dx =
sin1 (u) du
2
0
u=0
i1/2

1h
1
2
u sin (u) + 1 u
[Integral (83)]
=
2
0
r

1  1 1 1
1
=
sin ( ) + 1 (0 + 1)
2 2
2
4
r



1 1
3
3 1

=
+
1 =
+
.
2 2 6
4
24
4
2

24. Let

25.

2x = u,

1/2

1/4

26.

27.

1/2
 
dx
1 + 1 x2 

[Integral (38)]
= ln
x
x 1 x2
1/4

1 + 3 
 1 + 15 
 4 + 15 
2
4
.
= ln
+ ln
= ln
1/2
1/4
2+ 3

Z 3
x
dx
dx + 2
2
2
8 x(x 2)
8 x(x 2)

 x  3
h
1 i3
1
1 1


=

+
ln 
+ 2

x 2 8
2 x2
(2)
x2
8

x+2
dx =
x(x 2)2

[Integral (9), a = 1, b = 2, c = 1, d = 0]
1 1 3
1
1
1
1 3 1  8 
1
ln
=
.

+
+ ln
+ ln
=
5 10 5 10 2
5
2
10
5 2
4

 4 + 16 x2  4


[Integral (40)]
16 x2 4 ln 

x
2
h
 4 + 12 i



= 0
12 4 ln
= 4 ln 2 + 3 2 3.
2

16 x2
dx =
x

28.

1/2

1/2

2x2

dx =
2

1/2

1/2

1
x2 dx
2

#1/2
r
1
x
x 1
2
1
=
[Integral (31)]
)
x +
sin ( p
2
2 2
22
1/2 1/2
#
" r
r
 1 1 1 1 1   1 1 1 1
1 
2
=
+ sin ( )
+ sin ( )
4 4 4
4 4 4
2
2

i
h
1 1 1 1

2 + +
8 4 4 8 4
4
 + 2
1 
=
= 2
.
+
2
4 8
8

[Could also put u = 2x, du = 2 dx to get into form of Integral (31).]

"

Reduction formulae
Z

29.(a) I0 =

(b) In =

/3
0

cos x dx =
0

/3

/3

1 dx =
0

i/3
0

.
3

cosn x dx

=
=
=
=
(c) I6 =

Z
h 1
i/3
n 1 /3
n1
+
sin x cos
x
cosn2 x dx
[Integral (51)]
n
n
0
0

1

n1   1
n1

sin(/3) cos(/3)
(sin 0)(cos 0)n1 +
In2
(n 2)
n
n
n

1  3  1 n1
n1
0 +
In2
n 2
2
n
 

  
n1
n1
n1
3 1 1 n1
3 1 n
3
In2 =
In2 =
+
In2 .
+
+
n
2 2 2
n
2 2
n
n2
n

3
3
3
5
5h
3 i
+ I4 =
+ I2
6
6 +
6
6 4 24
4
6(2 )
62

3
3
3
5h
3
1 i
I0
=
+
+
+
6
6 4 24
4 2 22
2
62

3
3
3
5h
3
1  i
=
+
+
+
6
6 4 24
4 2 22
2 3
62

3
5 3
15 3
15
36 3
15
=
+
+
+
=
+
.
384
384
192
144
384
144

30.(a) In =

xn sin x dx

=
=

n1

x cos x + nx

sin x

i
0

n cos() + n n1 sin()

n(n 1)


xn2 sin x dx

[Integral (48)]

0n cos 0 + n 0n1 sin 0

n(n 1)In2

= n n(n 1)In2 .
Z
h
i
= cos ( cos 0) = (1) + 1 = 2.
(b) I0 =
sin dx = cos
0

Hence

31.(a) In =

x4 sin x dx = I4 = 4 4 3I2 = 4 12( 2 2I0 ) = 4 12 2 + 48.

/4

tann x dx

Z /4
i/4
1
n1
=

tann2 x dx
[Integral (60)]
tan
x
0
n1
0
n1
1 
n1
1 
=
tan
tan 0

In2
(n 2)
n1
4
n1
h

1 n1
1
1
1n1
0
In2 =
In2
n1
n1
n1
Z /4
Z /4
h i/4

0
(b) I0 =
= .
tan x dx =
1 dx = x
0
4
0
0
Z /4
I1 =
tan x dx
=

(n 2).

ln | sec x|

i/4
0

[Integral (58)]




= ln  sec  ln | sec 0|
4
 1 



1
1




= ln 
 ln 
 = ln 2 ln 1 = ln 2 = ln 2.
cos(/4)
cos 0
2
1
1
So I3 =
I1 = (1 ln 2), and
31
2


1
1
1

2
1
I2 =
I0 = 1 +
= + .
I4 =
41
3
21
3
4
3 4

32.(a) I0 =

(2 x)5 dx

(Let u = 2 x, du = dx;

x = 0 u = 2,

x = 1 u = 1)

u5 du

h u6 i1
=
[Integral (1)]
6 2
 1 26 
 1 64 
63
21
=
=
=

=
.
6
6
6
6
6
2
Z 1
=
xn (2 x)5 dx
[Integral (6) : m = n, n = 5, a = 1, b = 2]
0
Z 1

h
i1
1
n
6
2n
=
xn1 (2 x)5 dx
x (2 x)
0
(1)(n + 5 + 1)
0


1
2n
=
1n (2 1)6 0n (2 0)6 +
In1
(n 1)
n+6
n+6

(b) In

1
2n
+
In1
(n 1).
n+6
n+6
1
22
+
I1
=
(2 + 6)
2+6

1
1
4
2

= +
+
I0
8
8
(1 + 6) 1 + 6
1
1
1  1 2 21 
1
3
1 2 + 12
9
= +
+
=
+
=
= .
8
2
7 7
2
8
4
2
8
8
=

(c) I2

33. In =
=
I0 =

n1

x sin x + nx

 n
2

cos x

n(n 1)In2

/2

cos x dx =

sin x

By Integral (52), I1 =

i/2
0

n(n 1)

Then I3 =
I4 =

 4
2

i/2
0

xn2 cos x dx [Integral (54)]

= 1.

/2

x cos x dx =
3

cos x + x sin x
3

i/2
0

1.
2

6
1 =
3 + 6, and
8
2
8
h 2
i
4
4
12
3 2 + 24.
=
2I0 =
16
2
16

3 2I1 =

4 3I2

/2

(n = 2, 3, . . .).

 3

[Could use Integral (53) for I2 .]

34. I0 =

ex dx =
0

ex

i
0

[Integral (72), a = 1]

= e (e0 ) = e + 1 = 1 e ,
I1 =

ex sin x dx

0




1
x
=
sin x cos x e
(1)2 + (1)2
0
1
1
=
( sin cos )e ( sin 0 cos )e0
2
2
=

1 1
e + .
2
2

Since In =
Z

[Integral (75), a = 1, b = 1]

n(n 1)
In2 then
n2 + 1

3(3 1)
I1
32 + 1
6  1 1 
3
=
=
e +
(e + 1),
10 2
2
10

ex sin3 x dx = I3 =

4(4 1)
I2
42 + 1
12  2(2 1) 
=
I0
17 22 + 1

12  2
24
=
(1 e ) =
(1 e ).
17 5
85

ex sin4 dx = I4 =

35. In =

= e

e4(x1)/3 xn dx
0

4/3

e4x/3 xn dx


h n
Z
3n 1 n1 4x/3
3x 4x/3 i1
4/3

e
x
e
dx
= e
0
4
4 0
Z
3
3n 4/3 1 n1 4x/3
=

e
x
e
dx
4
4
0
Z
3
3n 1 4(x1)/3 n1
=
e
x
dx

4
4 0

[Integral (74)]

= 0.75 0.75 n In1

=
In + 0.75 n In1 = 0.75.
Z 1
3 h 4(x1)/3 i1
3
Also, I0 =
e4(x1)/3 dx =
= (1 e4/3 ). Thus,
e
4
4
0
0
3 93 6 
3 9
I2 =

I1
I3 =
4 4
4 4 4 4
3 27 27  3 3 

+
I0
=
4 16
8 4 4

3 27 81 81 3 
4/3
=
1e
= 0.1957 . . .

4 16 32 32 4
8