Additional Calculus Problems 3-Integration and Differential Equations Solutions

1(a)

x4 x2 + 2 x4 x2 + 2 x x3 x2 + x3 x2 + 2 dx dx = dx = x 2 ( x 1) x3 x2 x3 x2
= x +1+ 2 2 dx = x + 1 + 2 dx 2 x x x ( x 1)
3

) (

x2 1 1 1 = + x + 2 2 dx 2 x 1 x x

x2 1 + x + 2 ln | x 1 | + ln | x | + C 2 x
(shown)

x2 2 = + x + 2 ln | x | +2 ln | x 1 | +C 2 x

1(b)

sin

cos x cos x cos x dx = dx = dx 2 2 2 x sin x 2 1 9 1 3 sin x sin x 2 4 2 2

1 3 sin x 1 2 2 + C = 1 ln sin x 2 + C (shown) = ln 1 3 3 sin x + 1 3 2 sin x + 2 2 2

[ Note that

[ f ( x )]

f ' ( x)
2

dx =

1 f ( x) a 1 ln + C , where f ( x) = sin x ] 2a f ( x ) + a 2

dy dy x3 3 2(a) y +x =0 = 3 dx dx y
3

dy = x 3 dx

y4 x4 = + B x 4 + y 4 = 4 B = C (shown) 4 4

y4 x4 = + B x 4 + y 4 = 4 B = C (shown) 4 4

*2(b)

dy x 2 + y 2 dy x y = = + (1) dx xy dx y x
yx dy dx y 2 du = y x dy 2 dx dx y

x du Let u = , then = y dx

dy y y 2 = dx x x

du 1 y du 1 x du dx = u u dx = u u 2 dx

y2 y 1 x 1 x = y = y = = 2 ] [ Q x x u u u u
Substituting all these into (1) gives Multiplying both sides by u 2 gives

1 x u u2

1 du =u+ u dx

ux x

du = u3 + u dx du = u3 dx
(This is the variables separable part)

1 1 dx = 3 du x u
ln | x |=

1 1 + B 2 ln | x |= 2 2 B 2 2u u

2 ln | x |=

y2 2B x2

y 2 = x 2 (2 ln | x | +2 B ) = x 2 (2 ln | x | +C ) = x 2 ln x 2 + C
y = x ln x 2 + C (shown)

2(c)

dy = ( y + 4 x) 2 (1) dx
Let u = y + 4x, then

du dy dy du = +4 = 4 dx dx dx dx

(1) becomes

du 4 = u2 dx
(This is the variables separable part)

du 1 du = dx = u2 + 4 2 dx u +4

1 u tan 1 = x + B 2 2 1 y + 4x tan 1 = x+B 2 2

y + 4x tan 1 = 2x + C 2
[ Q C = 2B ]

y + 4x = tan( 2 x + C ) y = 2 tan( 2 x + C ) 4 x (shown) 2

2(d)

dy 1 2 y 4 x 1 2( y + 2 x ) = = (1) dx 1 + y + 2 x 1 + ( y + 2 x)
Let u = y + 2x, then

du dy dy du = +2 = 2 dx dx dx dx du 1 2u du 1 2u 2= = +2 dx 1+ u dx 1 + u =

Substituting these into (1) gives

3 1+ u

u2 1 + u du = 3 dx u + 2 = 3x + B y + 2x + ( y + 2 x) 2 = 3x + B 2
[ Q C = 2B ]

2 y + 4 x + ( y + 2 x) 2 = 6 x + C

2 y 2 x + ( y + 2 x) 2 = C (shown)