HOLY SCRIPTURES

Presented By : DEEPASHA
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, JECRC University, Jaipur.
Registration Number : 21BCON455 Section : K (AI/ML-IBM)
Contents
 Introduction to Vedanta.
 Introduction to Bhagavad Gita.
 Goals of Life – Purusharthas.
 Introduction to different Dharma
Granthas (various religious scriptures
from Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Bodh, Jain
religion)
Vedanta is one of the world’s most ancient spiritual philosophies,
based on the Vedas, the sacred scriptures of India.
It is the philosophical foundation of Hinduism; but while
Hinduism includes aspects of Indian culture, Vedanta is universal
in its application and is equally relevant to all countries, all
cultures, and all religious backgrounds.

Vedanta affirms:
• The oneness of existence,
• The divinity of the soul, and
• The harmony of all religions.

Vedanta is a combination of two words: Veda which means

knowledge and anta which means the end of or the goal of.
Knowledge here means “the knowledge of God as well as the
knowledge of our own divine nature.”
 Vedanta asserts that the goal of life is to realize and to manifest our
own divinity. We are moving towards this goal as we grow with
knowledge and life experience.
 According to Vedanta, God is infinite existence, infinite
consciousness, and infinite bliss. The greatest temple of God lies
within the human heart.
There are four paths known as four Yoga we can follow to achieve the
goal of understanding our divine nature. We can choose a path based
on our personality or inclination.
Bhakti Yoga is the path of love and devotion.
Jnana Yoga is the path of knowledge.
Karma Yoga is the path of selfless work.
Raja Yoga is the path of meditation.
Swami Vivekanand introduced Vedanta along with Hinduism in United
States, his words, is that “Each soul is potentially divine”. The goal is to
manifest this divinity within by controlling nature: external and
internal. Purity, Patience, Perseverance overcome all obstacles.
 Bhagavad Gita means “the song of the Lord or the
‘manifested one.’”
 The Bhagavad Gita is the compilation of Arjuna's questions
and moral dilemma, Krishna's answers and insights that
elaborate on a variety of philosophical concepts.
 The Ethics of Decision Making in the Battlefield of Life.
 Gita says, The person whose mind is always free from
attachment, who has subdued the mind and senses, and
who is free from desires, attains the supreme perfection of
freedom from Karma through renunciation.
 Bhagavad Gita is written by the god Ganesha which was told
to him by Ved Vyasa.
 It comprises 18 brief chapters and 700 verses by Lord
Krishna and is the part of Mahabharat.
GOALS OF LIFE -
PURUSHARTHAS
 Purushartha literally means an “object of human
pursuit”. It is a key concept in Hinduism, and refers
to the four proper goals or aims of a human life.
 The four purusarthas are 
 Dharma (righteousness, moral values), 
 Artha (prosperity, economic values),
 Kama (pleasure, love, psychological values)
 Moksha (liberation, spiritual values).
 According to the ancient Indian texts, a human born
on earth must pursue 'Purushartha', the only way to
seek truth and attain salvation.
 By Purushartha we mean the pursuance of those
actions which lead to the fulfillment of socially
approved values and goal.
 Religious Scriptures from Hinduism(Vedas), Islam(Quran), Christianity(Bible),
Buddhism(Tripitaka), Jainism(Agama).

INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT
DHARMA GRANTHAS
HINDUISM
The most ancient sacred texts of the Hindu religion are written in Sanskrit and
called the Vedas. Hinduism does not just have one sacred book but several
scriptures. The Vedas scriptures guide Hindus in their daily life. They also help
to preserve the religious dimensions of family and society.
There are two categories of texts: the revealed texts and the remembered
texts.
The revealed texts consist of
 The Veda, divided into four sections: the Rig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sama
Veda, and the Atharva Veda.
 The Upanishads are also called the Vedanta and come at the end of the total
Veda.
The remembered texts consist of
 The Mahabharata
 The Ramayana
 The Bhagavad Gita
 The Dharamasastras
 ISLAM
 The Qur'an is the sacred scripture of Islam, written in Arabic
language, and is believed by Muslims to be God's final revelation
to humankind. 
 The essence of the Qur’an’s message was simple: it affirmed the
existence of one Supreme Being and declared that Muhammad
was his appointed messenger.
 Major themes of the Holy Quran are God, prophets, man,
divine scriptures, and sin. God is merciful, forgiving and is
above all what is on earth and in heaven. 
 A complete package that tells us how to spend our lives in the
best manner.
CHRISTIANITY
The sacred text of Christianity is the Holy Bible.
The Christian Bible has two parts:
 The Old Testament which is essentially the Hebrew scriptures of
Jesus' time; and
 The New Testament which contains writings about Jesus Christ and
about the early church.
The Bible purporting to tell the history of the Earth from its earliest
creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.D.
The five of the teachings of Jesus are the following: Be Merciful,
Forgiveness, Seek Goodness, Respect Others, and Be Kind.
BUDDHISM
The sacred book of Buddhism is called the Tripitaka.
The Tripitaka (three baskets of Wisdom) are split into three
sections:
1.Vinaya Pitaka (the Discipline Basket) – A rulebook for monks and
nuns. There are 227 rules for monks and more for nuns.
2.Sutta Pitaka (the Teaching Basket)- The actual experiences of
Buddha
3.Abhidhamma Pitaka (the Higher Doctrine Basket)- An
explanation on the teaching of Buddha. Most of these are called
Sutras.
They contain teachings of the Buddha on how to reach enlightenment
as well as teachings to help guide Buddhists in their everyday life.
JAINISM
The texts containing the teachings of Mahavira are called the
Agamas, and are the canonical literature - the scriptures - of
Svetambara Jainism. Mahavira's disciples compiled his words into
texts or sutras, and memorised them to pass on to future
generations.
Jain literature is classified into two major categories:
•Agam Literature. This consists of original scriptures complied by
Gandharas and Srut-kevalis.
•Non-agam Literature. This consists of commentary and
explanation of Agam literature and independent works, complied
by elder monks, nuns, and scholars.
This agam describes the conduct and behaviour of ascetic life and
the description of the penance of Lord Mahavir.
REFERENCE:
 https://vedanta.org
 https://en.wikipedia.org
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com
 https://libguides.lib.msu.edu
 https://www.thirteen.org
 https://www.britannica.org
 https://www.biographyonline.net
 https://www.bbc.co.uk
Thank You & Query