Objectives:

 To know the basic principle and operation.

 To know the different parts and functions.
 To calculate the different parameters when subjected to varying load and speed.

Theories and Principles:

Mass and Volume Flow

Many of the calculations need the mass flow of a liquid, but the instruments read volume flow. This is
because the mass flow depends on the density of the liquid, which can vary with temperature. The
relationship between mass and volume of a liquid is:

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

So:

−1 ሻ −3 ሻ
൫𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 ሺ𝑖𝑛 𝐿. 𝑠 −1 ሻ൯
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 ሺ𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔. 𝑠 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ሺ𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚 ×
1000
Procedure:
1. Connect all the wires, tubes and pipes from the engine analyzer to the respective parts of the engine
test bed.

2. Make sure that they are connected properly and no leakages and bubbles are present.

3. Prime the machine first before starting.

4. Start the engine.

5. Adjust the speed by throttling the fuel inlet until it reaches stability.

6. Record the data from the computer when the engine had settled down to a steady output such as
speed, torque, exhaust temperature and air and fuel consumption.

7. The fuel tap beneath the pipette was operated so that the engine took its fuel from the pipette.

8. The fuel consumption was for 8 ml markings.

9. The tap was then turned again so that the pipette could fill once again.

10. The temperature of the water flowing out of the dynamometer was observed to be less than 80C.
In the event that the temperature has exceeded, the water flow must be increased to cool the
dynamometer bearing seals.
Set-up of Apparatus:
Data Sheet:
Fuel Consumption
Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption Fuel Density Fuel Calorific Value
(mL/min) (kg/s) (kg/m3) (MJ/kg)

1 12.5 740 43.8

2 10.1 740 43.8

3 9.9 740 43.8

4 9.1 740 43.8

5 8.6 740 43.8

6 8.2 740 43.8

7 7.8 740 43.8

8 7.6 740 43.8

9 7.3 740 43.8

10 7.1 740 43.8

11 7.1 740 43.8

 Calculated Parameters (Energy) Engine Air Exhaust
Heat of Combustion (W) Inlet Air Enthalpy Ambient Air Temperature (°C) Exhaust Gas Temperature (°C)
(W)
24.8 219
24.5 282
24.6 298
24.3 289
24.9 315
25.1 284
25.3 306
25.0 298
25.7 301
25.6 298
25.4 298
 Engine Air & Exhaust
Air Box Differential Pressure (Pa) Ambient Air Pressure (mbar) Orifice Diameter Air Mass Flow Rate
(mm) (x 10-3 kg/s)

1 1008 18.50 0.25

1 1008 18.50 0.25

1 1008 18.50 0.25

2 1008 18.50 0.35

2 1008 18.50 0.35

2 1008 18.50 0.35

-91 1008 18.50 2.36

-82 1008 18.50 2.24

-83 1007 18.50 2.25

3 1007 18.50 0.43

9 1007 18.50 0.74

 DTS2 Engine Torque & Speed
Torque Speed Power A/F Ratio

10.6 1959
10.5 2476

10.4 1816

10.2 1729

10.2 1624

10.0 1562

9.9 1484

9.9 1468

9.8 1420

9.8 1404

9.6 1379
Air Fuel Specific Fuel Thermal Volumetric Engine Number of BMEP
Ratio Consumption Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) Capacity Cycles (bar)
(cc)
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
200 4
Data Sheet:

Fuel Consumption
Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption Fuel Density Fuel Calorific Value
(mL/min) (kg/s) (kg/m3) (MJ/kg)

12.5 740 43.8

10.1 740 43.8

9.9 740 43.8

 Calculated Parameters (Energy) Engine Air Exhaust
Heat of Combustion (W) Inlet Air Enthalpy Ambient Air Temperature (°C) Exhaust Gas Temperature (°C)
(W)
24.8 219
24.5 282
24.6 298
 Engine Air & Exhaust
Air Box Differential Pressure (Pa) Ambient Air Pressure (mbar) Orifice Diameter Air Mass Flow Rate
(mm) (x 10-3 kg/s)

1 1008 18.50 0.25

1 1008 18.50 0.25

1 1008 18.50 0.25

 DTS2 Engine Torque & Speed
Torque Speed Power A/F Ratio

10.6 1959
10.5 2476

10.4 1816
Air Fuel Specific Fuel Thermal Volumetric Engine Number of BMEP
Ratio Consumption Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) Capacity Cycles (bar)
(cc)
200 4
200 4
200 4
1. Fuel consumption, kgf / s
 
2. Heat of combustion, Watts
 
3. Inlet air enthalpy, Watts
 
4. Mechanical brake power, Watts
 
5. Specific consumption, kgf /Kw-hr
 
6. Brake Thermal efficiency, %
 
7. Calculated volume, m3/s or Piston displacement
 
8. Measured volume, m3/s or Actual displacement of air that enter

9. Volumetric efficiency
 
10. Brake mean effective pressure, bar