Hydraulic Principle

Head represents:

1. Pressure
2. Friction
3. Resistance
4. Distance (vertical or horizontal)
5. Velocity
6. Others

Total Static Head = hd – hs (based on elevation)

= static discharge head – static suction head

= 30 ft – 10 ft

= 20 ft
Total Static Head = hd – hs = static discharge head – static suction lift = 22 – (-15) = 37
Total Dynamic Head, TDH = Hd – Hs (based on Bernoulli’s)
In general; H = P/ϒ + V2/2g + Z + hf
Hd = Pd /ϒ + Vd2/2g + Zd + hfd
Hs = Ps /ϒ + Vs2/2g + Zs + hfs

TDH = [Pd /ϒ + Vd2/2g + Zd + hfd] – [Ps /ϒ + Vs2/2g + Zs + hfs]

• Darcy formula:
• hf = f (Le/d) (V²/2g)

• f = 0.02
• Le = total equivalent length
• d = pipe diameter
• V²/2g = velocity head
• hf = friction headloss