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Group 2 : The Age of Faith

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The Medieval and Byzantine Eras, Early Christian Art,

Church Architecture, Islamic World Art and Mosque
Architecture
 Content
Medieval and Byzantine eras
Medieval art—which includes a wide variety of art and architecture—refers to a period also known as the
Middle Ages, which roughly spanned from the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. to the early stages of
the Renaissance in the 14th century.

Early Christian Art

Early Christian art and architecture, also known as Paleochristian art, is art created by Christians or
under Christian patronage from the beginning of Christianity to somewhere between 260 and 525. In
fact, only art that is clearly Christian exists from the 2nd century onwards. 1st Christian art is known
as Byzantine or of some other kind after 550. The Age of
Faith
Church Architecture Middle Ages was absolutely an age of faith. All was focused on a
Church architecture refers to the architecture of buildings of Christian churches. It has evolved over religious aspect, including architecture, sculpture, literature, and
the two thousand years of the Christian religion, partly by innovation and partly by imitating other music. Christianity was the dominant faith in Europe during the
architectural styles as well as responding to changing beliefs, practices and local traditions.
Middle Ages. While the country was disintegrating politically,
the religious community remained optimistic and strong.
Islamic World Art
Islamic world art is characterized by recurrent motifs, such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal Your Team
designs in a repetition known as the arabesque. The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the
transcendent, indivisible and infinite nature of God. Islamic world art is used in many fields such as
architecture, calligraphy painting glass ceramics and textiles.

Aira
Mosque Architecture Shaina Jewel Alyssah
The mosque, in its various forms, is the quintessential Islamic structure from Indonesia to the United
Kingdom. The mosque, or masjid in Arabic, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Masjid literally translates
to "place of prostration." Throughout the week, mosques are used for prayer, study, or simply as a place
of rest and reflection. A city's main mosque, which is used for Friday communal prayer, is known as a James Teresa Cedric Andrea
jami masjid, which literally means "Friday mosque,"
 Medieval and Byzantine eras
Analysis
A time of artwork that was
characterized by iconographic
painting illustrations of Biblical
scenes. The combination of the two
lent a kind of “Barbarian” artistic
culture in Northern Europe because
it combined with Christian and
pagan art. What developed over the
course of these ten centuries
yielded a diverse range of artistic
styles and periods, some of which
include the early Christian and
Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon and
Viking, Romanesque, and Gothic.
Context
The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul,
Turkey was built in 537 AD at the
beginning of the medieval period
under the direction of Byzantine
emperor Justinian I, the Hagia
Sophia epitomizes Byzantine
architecture. Though originally built
as a Greek Orthodox Christian
cathedral, it was repurposed as a
mosque after the Turkish conquest of
Constantinople in 1453, and today
stands as a museum in Istanbul,
Turkey. At the time it was built, it
was the world’s tallest building,
known for its iconic, massive dome..
Meaning Judgement
The building reflects the religious
changes that have played out in the The Church became the
region over the centuries, with the dominant influence
minarets and inscriptions of Islam as
well as the lavish mosaics of
during much of the
Christianity. It served as a center of Medieval period. The
religious, political, and artistic life Church provided an
for the Byzantine world and has
provided us with many useful ethical dimension that
scholarly insights into the period. It involved moral
was also an important site of Muslim
worship after Sultan Mehmed II responsibilities lacking
conquered Constantinople in 1453 in classical society.
and designated the structure a
mosque.
Medieval and Byzantine eras

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 Early Christian Art
Analysis
The earliest Christian
iconography is tended to be
symbolic, and the Early
Christians used the same artistic
media as the surrounding pagan
culture.
Context
The earliest identifiably Christian
art consists of a few 2nd-century
wall and ceiling paintings in the
Roman catacombs, which
continued to be decorated in a
sketchy style derived from Roman
impressionism through the 4th
century.
Meaning
The primary focus of
Early Christian Art was to
convey religious meaning
rather than accurately
render objects and people.
Judgement
How did Christianity affect
art? Many pieces of
Western art have been
influenced by Christianity.
 Church Architecture

Analysis Context Meaning Judgement

A typical Christian Churches Buildings were at first Why did early Christians
A church building, church
has the following parts: from those originally remodel or build separate
house, or simply church, is a
intended for other building used for Christian structures for worship
purposes but, with the worship services and other instead of continuing to use
-Porch Choir
rise of distinctively Christian religious private houses or public
-Narthex -Pulpit
ecclesiastical spaces? Probably for the
-North and -Apse activities. The term is used
architecture, church same reasons we do today.
South Towers -Altar to refer to the physical
buildings came to As the church grew, it
or Bell tower -Ambulatory buildings where Christian's
influence secular ones needed to accommodate a
-Nave -Sacristy worship and refers to the
which have often joint assembly.
-Aisle community of Christians.
imitated religious
-Crossing
architecture.

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-Transept
-Chancel or
 Aisle
Church Architecture: Different churches and its parts
San Sebastian Basilica Columns

Seating
Lectern

The Manila Cathedral Pulpit

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 Church Architecture

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 Islamic World Art

Analysis Meaning
Islamic art focused on repetition of patterns and Arabic It is best known for its white marble
calligraphy. Islamic art encompasses visual arts mausoleum, a symbol of eternal love. The
produced from the seventh century onwards by Taj Mahal is therefore only a tomb, but an
culturally Islamic populations. It is not restricted to exceptional grave. It is at the crossroads
religious art, but instead includes all the art of the rich of Moghole, Indian, Persian and even
and varied cultures of Islamic societies. Syrian architecture. The overall quality of
the site is recognized as one of the most
beautiful sites in the world.
Context
The dome of the Taj Mahal is one of the
oldest buildings of Jerusalem. The domes Judgement
appeared in Islamic architecture in 691.
Islamic world art is bound
The Taj Mahal is a 17th century building.
with visual arts produced in
In the history, it is placed in the middle of
Islamic world. It contains
the eighteenth century. We can say that the
both secular art and religious
domes of Islamic art are derived from
art forms.
Christian architecture.
 Mosque Architecture
Analysis
Mosques are more than just
places of worship; they are
also community gathering
places that take various
forms depending on their
cultural and environmental
context. A mosque's design speak. Muhammad decreed in 624 that
is not restricted to any
particular rite or
denomination of Islam.
against the wall facing Mecca, known
Context
Prophet's Mosque, the Prophet
Muhammad's courtyard in Medina,
Arabian Peninsula, which served as a
model for later Islamic architecture.
Muhammad's house was a simple
structure made of raw brick that
opened onto an enclosed courtyard
where people gathered to hear him
all prayers be directed toward Mecca.
He constructed a roofed shelter
supported by palm trunk pillars
as the qiblah wall.
Meaning Judgement
The Prophet Muhammad's house is Mosques are important
regarded as the first mosque. His home in
Medina, Saudi Arabia, was a typical for teaching proper
seventh-century Arabian-style house, Islamic worship and
with a large courtyard surrounded by
knowledge. A mosque is
long rooms supported by columns. This
type of mosque became known as a a very symbolic place for
hypostyle mosque, which means "many
columns." For centuries, most mosques a Muslim because it is a
in Arab lands were built in this style. The
regional traditions of the time and place
humble way for Muslims
where a mosque was built have the most to recreate pure divine
influence on its architecture. As a result,
presence on earth.
the style, layout, and decoration of the
room can vary greatly.
 Mosque Architecture

1. The most fundamental mosque would be a prayer room with a 3. Most mosques have one or more domes, known as qubba in
wall marked with a "mihrab" – a niche indicating the direction of Arabic. While not a ritual requirement like the mihrab, a dome
Mecca that Muslims does have significance within the mosque, it represents the vault
should face when praying. of heaven.

2. The minaret, a tower adjacent or attached to a mosque from which 4. The most prerequisite of congregational mosque architecture, is
the call to prayer is that it be able to hold the entire male population of a city or town
announced, is one of the most visible aspects
of mosque architecture.
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