HOA REVIEWER – FINAL EXAMINATION - 312 AD, Constantine named Christianity

ur personal guide to 1 flat <3 part two the official religion of the roman empire
by a sad, sleep-deprived, overworked ball of stress

EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE

313 – 800 AD

INFLUENCES

HISTORY

- 63 BC, Romans conquered Judea

- Main inhabitants were Jews
- Jews believed that the Messiah would
free them from the romance *Romans
- 27 AD, Jesus began preaching in Galilee
- 3 yrs later, he was arrested, nailed to
the cross, died, came bacc to lyf, boom
Christianity
- Disciples spread jesus’ stories and
teachings
- Disciples moved to Antioch and into
north mediterranian
- Founded new communities
- Carried by og dawgs peter, paul and
other missionaries from the hood,
ventured to Rome, to Rome, the center
of the Empire and foun-tainhead of
power and influence
- Emperor Nero ordered Christians to be
fed to wild beasts or burned to death,
nero is a btch
- 600 AD, most villages had own churches
governed by bishops
- Patriarchs based in Jerusalem,
Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople and
Rome
GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
Ruins of Roman buildings served as quarries
from which materials were obtained
RELIGION
Christianity has inspired the building of great
architectural monuments
The purpose of the Christian church is to shelter
worshippers in prayer, rather than Greek and
roman temples which sheltered god statues

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

DESCRIPTION

- Simplicity in design and treatment, but

coarseness in execution
- Highly-influenced by Roman art and
architecture
ROOF AND CEILING

- Further development of trusses - king

and queen post trusses

- Mosaic decoration were added

internally and sometimes also
externally on west facades
- Mosaic – decorative surfaces formed by
small cubes of stone, glass and marble
- The introduction of colour with the use
of glass mosaics gave richness and
mystery to interiors

EXAMPOLS

BASILICAN CHURCHES

- Early Christians used Roman basilicas as

models, or used existing basilicas
- Usually erected over the burial place of
the saint to whom it was dedicated
- Unlike Greek and Roman temples which
sheltered gods, the purpose of the
Christian church was to shelter
worshippers
- Came in a complex, with cathedral,
belfry or campanile, and baptistery
- Fine sculptures and mosaics worked
into new basilicas
- Paid little regard to external
architectural effect
- Entrance at west
- Priest stood behind altar, facing east Baldacchino- is a canopy of state typically
- Oke me issa gutom af brb placed over an altar or throne, also known as
- Helo im back ciborium
- Hals inaantok na ako :<
- Tulog muna ako gggzzzzz brb ulet sayboreeyoom
St. Paolo Fuori Le Mura, Rome – largest and
most impressive of all basilican churches

BAPTISTERIES

- Used only for sacrament of baptism, on

festivals of Easter, Pentecost and
Epiphany
- Large separate building from church,
sometimes adjoined atrium
- With the introduction of infant baptism,
the baptistery was replaced by a font in
the church close to the entrance
TOMBS OR CATACOMBS
- Monumental tombs became
expressions of faith in immortality
- Cemeteries or catacombs were
excavated below ground
- Several stories extending downwards
- Usually domed and enriched with lavish
mosaic decorations
- Walls and ceilings were lavishly
decorated with paintings mixing pagan
symbolism with scenes from the bible
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
330 – 1453 AD
INFLUENCES
GEOGRAPHICAL
- Byzantium, renamed Constantinople
after Constantine the Great, and later
to Istanbul, was also called the New
Rome, and was inaugurated as the new
capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD
- a commanding position for the
government of the eastern and most
valuable part of the Roman empire
GEOLOGICAL
- Constantinople had no good building
stone, and local materials such as clay
for bricks and rubble for concrete were
employed
- Other materials (like marble) had to be
imported
HISTORICAL
Byzantium was founded as a Greek colony in
660 BC and in AD 330 became the capital of the
Roman Empire under Constantine
The western empire based in Rome finally
collapsed in 476 AD
Eastern empire lasted another thousand years
and was known as the Byzantine empire
The history of the Byzantine empire from the 5th
to the 11th century is one of fluctuating and
gradually declining fortunes, and finally
captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1453
Uyy random useless pero fact did u know Luzon
contains a lake that contains an island that
contains a lake that contains another island... k
skl
RELIGION
- Year 313, the Edict of Milan was issued,
which granted toleration to Christians,
and in 330 Constantinople became the
capital of the first Christian Empire
- Chief buildings erected in the new
capital were churches for the new
religion
- First, they were of the basilican Early
Christian type, but later, the Byzantine
style was developed
- Converted the Russians and Eastern
Europeans to Christianity
- Byzantine architecture, devoid of
statues, has always been and still
remains the official style of the
Orthodox church
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
DESCRIPTION
- First buildings constructed were
churches
- Dumped Early Christian style for new
domical Byzantine style
- Byzantine is still official style for
Orthodox church today
DISTINCTION
- Basilican plan - Early Christian
- Domed, centralized plan – Byzantine
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
- Fusion of domical construction with
classical columnar style
- Domes of various types placed over
square compartments using
pendentives or squinches.
Semi-circular arches rest directly on columns,
with capitals able to support springing of arches
Wtf is pendentiveee? Skwinchhh?
PENDENTIVE - a constructional device
permitting the placing of a circular dome over a
square room or of an elliptical dome over a
rectangular room
SQUINCH - a construction filling in the upper
angles of a square room so as to form a base to
receive an octagonal or spherical dome.
Oki gets mo na? No? niceee same :>

DOMES
- The dome was the prevailing motif of
Byzantine architecture
- Practice of using domes contrasts with
Early Christian timber truss system
- Use of brickwork, which was suitable
for covering with marble, mosaic, and
fresco decoration
o fresco - a technique of mural
painting executed upon freshly
laid, or wet lime plaster
- Use of brickwork necessitated special
care in making mortar, which was
composed of lime and sand and with
crushed pottery, tiles or bricks

EXAMPLES

CHURCHES

- Centralized type of plan

- Dome over nave, sometimes supported
by semi-domes
- Entrance at west

S. Sophia, Constantinople

- Hagia Sophia "divine or holy wisdom"

Byzantine churches usually have a narthex or
entrance porch at the west end, and the east
end is cut off from the nave by an iconostas, a
screen in a Greek orthodox church on which
icons or sacred images are placed, separating
the sanctuary from the space open to the laity
- Built by Justinian, designed by
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of
Miletus
- Rose on the site of 2 successive
Basilican churches of the same name
 Cathedral of S. Sophia, Novgorod

- Most important church in

Constantinople
- Perfection of Byzantine style
- Later converted into a mosque

S. Mark, Venice

- On the site of original Basilican church

- An exterior quality all its own: blending
of features from many foreign lands
- Sits behind the Piazza of San Marco,
vast marble-paved open space serves as
atrium to church Gracanica Church, Kosovo, Serbia

- Glittering, resplendent façade

- Exterior enriched by fine entrance
portals, mosaic and marble decorations
waw selim pero spelled backwards amazing :o

Helo I just wanna thank yall for da memories

and fun times ^.^ wishing u gudlak sa finals n
hope to see yall nxt sem hahayst

Godbless u got this fam