Italy

Jumana Samir-Lujain Ibrahim-

Nourhan Mowafy-Rahaf Mowafy-
Jana Tarek -Farida Khalifa
 Geography & Climate
• Italy is surrounded by the Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, and

Mediterranean Sea.

• Italy's location on the Mediterranean linked it with the trade routes of

the ancient civilizations that developed in the region.

• In summer temperatures can rise with high humidity.

• In the winter, nighttime temperatures often drop to freezing,

 Timeline

Ancient Roman
509 BC - 330 AD 330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century 1584 - 1750 1895 - 1914 1945 - present

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700 1750 - 1870 1922 - 1943
Ancient Roman
509 BC - 330 AD

Ancient Roman Architecture ancient Greek Temple

in Paestum, Italy.

• Roman architects continued to follow the guidelines established by the classical orders the Greeks had

first shaped: Doric, ionic and Corinthian.

• Ancient Roman architecture used new materials, such as concrete, and newer technologies such as the

the Maison Carrée in

arch and the dome to make buildings that were typically strong and well-engineered. southern France
Roman temple stands on a
much higher podium than its
• Roman architecture was influenced by the Etruscans who were the early kings of Rome; the Etruscans Greek

were in turn influenced by Greek architecture.

Famous Roman Architecture
• Basilicas, which were used as administrative centers. Christianity would eventually adopt this design

for its major churches.

• Aqueducts, which were used to carry water for many miles to overcrowded cities. The first was built in

the 4th century BCE, and a few continue to be in use today.

Basilica
• Amphitheaters, which were created to provide entertainment. The most famous is the Coliseum in

Rome.

• Temples, which were created to worship and honor the gods.

• Triumphal arches and columns, which were used to tell the stories of great battles.

• Bathhouses, which served as meeting places as well as a place to get clean in warm water. Aqueducts
 Early Christian
4th - 6th century AD

Early christian
• The Basilica, a large rectangular meeting hall that became general in east and west as the model for

churches, with a nave and aisles and sometimes galleries and clerestories, was created to match to
Plan of Old St Peter's Basilica,
civic and imperial patterns that was introduced by Christian Architecture.

• When early Christian communities began to build churches, they took inspiration from one particular
The atrium at the
Basilica di San
Clemente, Rome, with
element of the houses that existed before them: the atrium, or courtyard surrounded by a colonnade. reused ancient Roman
columns

• Early Christian era was influenced by Roman Architecture

 ​Italian Byzantine
330 - 1000 AD

Early Christian
4th - 6th century AD

Italian Byzantine
Time period
From 330 AD, when Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital to 
Byzantium, which became Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), until the 
fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
However, the Italian byzantine architecture began to wane around the 11th
century when the Romanesque style took hold in Italy. Italy was just one
territory within the byzantine empire and its own architecture took a
slightly different path.

Influences Basilica di San Vitale, Ravenna

Early Christian Architecture, Ancient roman architectureDifference between the 3

styles were not always obvious.T he different classification always refered to the
time where the buildings were built.
 ​Italian Byzantine
330 - 1000 AD

Early Christian
4th - 6th century AD

Italian Byzantine
Characteristics Mosaics, clerestory windows, higher domes, circular tiled roofs

Building types: Churches, baptisteries, Chapels

Famous Building : Basilica di San Vitale, Ravenna

 ​Italian Byzantine
330 - 1000 AD

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD

Italian Romanesque
Time period: 1000-1200 AD

Influences: Ancient Roman Architecture Pisa Cathedral (1064-1118)

Characteristics: Bell towers, semi-circular arches, barrel vaults,

Thick walls and pillars

Building types: Abbeys churches, baptisteries, bell towers, cloisters

Famous Buildings: Pisa Cathedral, Florence baptistery

Florence Baptistery (1059-1128)
 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD

Italian Gothic Siena Cathedral (1215–1263),

interior mixture of gothic and
The Cistercian Fossanova Abbey
(founded 1208)
Casamari Abbey (rebuilt 1207–1213)

Romanesque elements

12th – 15th century

unlike in other regions of Europe, it did not replace Romanesque architecture, and
Italian architects were not very influenced by it. However, each city developed its own
particular variations of the style.
Brick rather than stone was the most common building material, and marble was
widely used for decoration.
Santa Maria sopra Minerva, San Francesco, Bologna (1236–1263)
The first Gothic church in Rome
(rebuilt in gothic style)

The first Gothic structures in Italy were the Cistercian churches of Fossanova Abbey
and Casamari Abbey, built on the model of the Cistercian churches in Burgundy.

Orvieto Cathedra, construction

took 3 centuries
Milan Cathedral
 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque ​Italian Renaissance

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700

Italian Renaissance
The Sistine Chapel

• Time period : 1400-1700

• Characteristics : Tuscan, Doric, lonic, Corinthian and Composite which can

be structural or decorative.

• Renaissance = Rebirth of Greco Roman culture.

Mona lisa
 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque ​Italian Renaissance

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700

Italian Renaissance
The Sistine Chapel

• Influences: Italian trade routes, the Mediterranean, the recovery of

Greek classics ,the Crusades , Refugee Byzantine scholars, and Humanist scholars.
• The Age of recover (used printing press) .
• It resulted in new art , literature styles , and new values which is the important of
individual . Emphasis on individual ability Humanism , focused less on
religion and more on what it is to be human.
• Urban society.
Mona lisa
 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic Italian Baroque
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century 1584 - 1750

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque ​Italian Renaissance

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700

Italian Baroque
• As the Renaissance period drew to a close in Italy, it was replaced by a new
artistic movement known as Baroque.
• The Baroque architecture period began in the Italian period of the basilica
with crossed dome and nave. One of the first Roman structures to break with
the Mannerist conventions was the church of Church of Saint Susanna, Saint Susanna
designed by Carlo Maderno.
• Baroque architecture became a tool by which the Catholic church could touch
souls through the beauty of its buildings.
• Materials used are brick, stone , limestone

The Church of Sant'Andrea al St. Peter’s Square, Vatican

Quirinale,
 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic Italian Baroque
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century 1584 - 1750

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque ​Italian Renaissance ​Italian Neoclassical

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700 1750 - 1870

Italian Neoclassical
Time period: 1750 - 1870
Tempio Canoviano (1804-1818)
Influences: classical Greece , Pompeii, Herculaneum

Characteristics: Triangular pediments, supporting columns, straight lines​​

Building types: Churches, gardens, palaces, villas Villa Reale di Monza (1777-1780)

Famous Buildings: Tempio Canoviano, Villa Reale di Monza, ​Arco della Pace

​Arco Della Pace (1807-1838)

 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic Italian Baroque Liberty Style
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century 1584 - 1750 1895 - 1914

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque ​Italian Renaissance ​Italian Neoclassical

4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700 1750 - 1870

liberty style
Time period: 1895 – 1914

​Characteristics: Lavish exteriors, balconies, natural shapes​​

Mondello Pier, Sicily

Famous buildings : Villino Florio (Palermo), Mondello Pier,

Casino di Sanremo

Influenced by : Italian Baroque architecture, Art Nouveau

​
 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic Italian Baroque Liberty Style
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century 1584 - 1750 1895 - 1914

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque ​Italian Renaissance ​Italian Neoclassical Italian Fascist
4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700 1750 - 1870 1922 - 1943

Italian Fascist
1920 – 1940
• Fascist styles often resemble the ultranationalism associated with fascist
governments of ancient Rome, but can extend to modern aesthetics as well.
• Fascist-era buildings are frequently constructed with particular concern given
to symmetry and simplicity and were made of limestone and other stones in
Palazzo delle Poste di Palermo by
order to be durable. ngiolo Mazzoni

Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana by Giovanni

Palazzo dei Congressi Nazi Congress Hall by Ludwig Ruff  Milano Centrale by Ulisse Stacchini Guerrini
by Adalberto Libera
 ​Italian Byzantine I​ talian Gothic Italian Baroque Liberty Style Modern Italian
330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century 1584 - 1750 1895 - 1914 1945 - present

Early Christian ​Italian Romanesque ​Italian Renaissance ​Italian Neoclassical Italian Fascist
4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700 1750 - 1870 1922 - 1943

Modern Italian
The modern architecture period is dated from 1945 till this day. In a country
that's so synonymous with the past it goes somewhat against the grain to maxxi national museum Stazione Marittima
of 21st century arts - Salerno
showcase its modern features. However, this is a living, breathing country
that strives to keep up with modern trends. This modern style combines
geometries and bold, bright colors while also mixing in materials such as
metals, and marbles. This style takes influences from many different decades
and flawlessly combines them. Some of the world's most famous modern
architects are either from Italy as Renzo Piano and Massimiliano Fuksas or
have designed structures in the country; like Zaha Hadid and Richard Meier.

Bosco- verticale
 Timeline
Ancient I​ talian I​ talian Italian Liberty Modern Italian
Roman Byzantine Gothic Baroque Style
509 BC - 330 AD 330 - 1000 AD 13th - 15th century 1584 - 1750 1895 - 1914 1945 - present

Early I​ talian I​ talian I​ talian Italian

Christian Romanesque Renaissance Neoclassical Fascist
4th - 6th century AD 1000 - 1200 AD 1400 - 1700 1750 - 1870 1922 - 1943
Resources:
• https://www.italyreview.com/italian-architectural-styles.html

• https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/fascist-architecture-through-ages

• https://issuu.com/halanawafleh7739/docs/___________/s/12292990

• https://semanurcan.wordpress.com/2018/11/09/early-christian-italy-and-byzantium/

• https://www.britannica.com/topic/Saint-Peters-Basilica

• https://www.st-peters.solihull.sch.uk/

• https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/italian-renaissance

• https://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/
Thank You