WELCOM

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 Indian Institute of Plantation Management-
Bengaluru Karnataka

Topic: Cut Flower

Submitted to : Dr.K.Narendran
Submitted by Mohit

Sharma
Index
* Introduction
* Present status of area and production under floriculture
* Flowers export from India
* States wise area under flowers production in India
* List of agri-export zone in India
* Potential flowers for export
* Stage of harvest
* Precooling and pulsing treatments
* Grading and standards of flowers
* Packaging materials
* Cold chain
* Pricing strategies
* Distribution channels for flowers
* Marketing in floriculture
* References
 Introduction
🠶 Cut flowers ( cut flowers are flowers or buds that have been cut from the plant bearing it. )
- High Valued crops
- Highly perishable
🠶 Quality remain best at harvest
 Floriculture Crops include

🠶 Cut flowers – Gladiolus , rose, gerbera, tuberose, carnation, lilium etc.

🠶 Loose flower – Marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, calendula, aster
etc.
🠶 Bedding plants – Geraniums, impatiens, petunias etc.
🠶 Foliage plants or houseplants – Dieffenbachia, poinsettias, orchids,
coleus , Ivy , etc.
🠶 Along with these pot plants, cut foliage , seed bulbs, tubers,
rooted cuttings and dried flower and leaves also come in this
industry.
 Area and Production under Floriculture

🠶 Global area : 7,02,383 ha.

🠶 Indian area : 2,49,000

ha.
🠶 Loose flower in india
production : 1658 MT

🠶 Cut flower in india

Production : 472 Lakh No.

🠶 Highest flower cultivated area in india : Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh.

🠶 Highest cut flower production states in India : West Bengal , Karnataka, Jharkhand.
 Floriculture scenario in India

India share in Global Floriculture area

: 35 %

Growth rate of India’s Floriculture industry : 24 % per annum

India’s share in the global floriculture trade : Only 0.65 %

 Floriculture exports

🠶 1. Dry flowers 71 %
🠶 2. Fresh cut flowers 18 %
🠶 3. Live plants 9%
🠶 4. Fresh bulb 1%
🠶 5. Foliage 1%
 State Area (ha.)

Karnataka 19,161

Tamil Nadu 14,194

West Bengal 12,285

Andhra Pradesh 5,933

Maharashtra 3,356

Rajasthan 1,985

Delhi 1,878

Haryana 1,540

Madhya Pradesh 1,270

Uttar Pradesh 1,000

Others 2,166

Total 64,768
Production of cut flower in India

2018-19
Flowers Cut = 647
Flowers Loose 2263
Flowers Cut = 647
Flowers Loose 303
List of Agri-Export zones for Floriculture
Development
Export of floriculture in India
cut flowers - fresh and dried dominate
floriculture export trade of India.
The cut flowers are exported in two
forms:
Fresh form for bouquets and ornamental
purposes.
Dried, dyed, bleached etc. for other
purposes
Potential Flowers for Export

Gladiolus Rose

Gerbera Tuberose
Potential Flowers for Export

chrysanthemum Anthurium
Carnation

Lillium Bird of Paradise Iris

The information of export of fresh cut flowers in
respect of quantities values and the countries to
which exported is given in Total quantity exported
was valued at Rs50.2 crores.

The biggest export market was Japan importing

19.65% cut flower followed by USA 10.44%,
Germany (7.96%), UK (7.40%), Australia (5.43%) and
Netherlands (4.67%).
The fresh cut flowers are exported to 56
countries, but nearly 68% are exported
to 10 countries .

Unit value revealed that the highest

price was paid by Netherlands (Rs
850/kg),
Japan (Rs 650/kg)
Singapore (Rs690 /kg).

The overall average price received was

Rs.250/kg. The price offered by USA was
quite low (Rs700 /kg)
The quality of cut flowers exported was
14500 MT valued at Rs250 crores.

They were exported to in all 55 countries

but the major export markets were USA
sharing 35.25% exports followed by Japan
(27.98%),
Netherlands (9.50%)
Germany (5.41%)
U.K (4.91%) .
These five countries shared about 83%
of total exports. Thus, the exports to
different countries are unevenly spread..
Unit values or prices received varied
from Rs.26/kg by Japan to Rs by
Germany. The overall average unit value
received was Rs.61.52/kg.There was a
very wide difference in the prices
received from different importing
countries. Although USA and Japan
imported largest quantities, they offered
low prices.
Roses export &import in india
India is the largest supplier of roses to Japan and Australia
The export of roses for the coming Valentine's Day (February
14) is expected to be about Rs. 35 cr, estimated to be a 20%
rise over last year.

Corporate houses in the floriculture business in Pune and

Bangalore, the country's major rose growing areas, are
gearing up to export of roses to world markets.
Prices for red roses depend on their colour and the length of
the stem; those with stem length of 70 cm can fetch about Rs.
25 per stem, while stems of one meter length go for Rs. 60,
though most exporters do no find it feasible to send one meter
long stems.
In the domestic market, growers get Rs 4 to 5 per stem, the
retail value of which is more than Rs 25 during this season.
Though the exact turnover of rose exports during the Valentine
season is not available with any agency, it is estimated to be
around Rs 25 crore this year
According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products
Export Development Authority (APEDA), India's floriculture
exports for the year ended March 2018 were valued at Rs
1338 crore.
Cut flowers, such as rose stems, constitute around 25% of
such exports.
According to an estimate, flower exports in were Rs 1500
crore.
The industry is estimated to notch Rs 1200 crore worth
exports by 2020, missing a target of Rs 2,000 crore.
Tanflora, which operates from Hosur,
located near Bangalore, had exported
1.8 million cut roses in 2017 during the
Valentine's Day and has sent 3 million
flowers to markets across the globe last
year.
Jasmine export &import

Jasmine are being exported as fresh flowers to Malaysia,

Singapore ,countries from India.
International market price for concrete and absolute oil is
around Rs.40,000and Rs 70,000 per kg
he exported flowers, fetch Rs 50 crores to 65
crores foreign exchange annually.

Extracting oils from flowers is another major

industry in India.
Tissue cultured plants of jasmine can also be
propagated and supplied to tawin, korea and
japan.
Subsidy on airfreight for export of cut flowers and tissue-
cultured plants is allowed by the Government.
Freight rates are Rs.15 per kg for export to Europe and Rs. 8
per Kg for export to West Asia, SouthEast Asia whichever is
less.
Import duties have been reduced on cut flowers, flower seeds,
tissue-cultured plants, etc. Setting up of walk in type cold
storage has been allowed at the International airports for
storage of export produce.
Marigolds and tuberoses are grown particularly in various
parts of West Bengal, Tuticorin, Maharashtra and in certain
regions in the south.
"APEDA has set up marketing facilitation centre in the
Netherlands and similar centers are coming up in Tokyo
and Dubai.
Indian flower growers can avail these facilities to export
marigolds and tuberoses...We are working hard to export
birds of paradise variety in near future,"
Export potentialEurope, U.S.A., Japan, Singapore, Hong
kong and Middle East.
The international trade of cut flowers was estimated to be
US $ 4.34 billion.
The market has been growing at the rate of 10% per
annum.
The current export of cut flowers from India is reported
about Rs.550 crores only
Potential of world market for all floricultural
products has been estimated to be US $ 70
billion with a 15 percent annual growth rate .

The Expert Group set up by Planning

Commission has proposed an annual export
target of Rs.1100 crores for cut flowers.
Export market
The main importing countries for cut flowers are Germany,
France, UK, USA, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Denmark,
Sweden, Belgium/Luxembourg and Japan (in order of the
volume of imports).
The main exporting countries are Holland (70%), Columbia
(9.2%), Israel (5.8%), Italy (4.9%), Spain (2.3%), Kenya
(1.4%) and the Canary Islands (1.1%).
The five flowers, namely, rose, chrysanthemum, carnation,
tulip and lily account for per cent of the world trade
Anthurium export &import
Anthurium is one of the top 10 cut flowers sold in the
Netherlands Auctions and the market potential for it is
excellent both in India .
"There is excellent scope for exports to Japan, West Asia ,
Singapore and EU countries ,India Anthurium is also a very
popular flower in Japan.
in the State of Uttar Pradesh in India is a flower grower,
wholesaler and exporter of high quality Gerbera, Gladiolus and
Tuberose flowers as well as corms and rhizomes.
Set up with the support of the Government, it aims at entering
the export market in a big way by living up to its promise of
providing quality produce at competitive rates.
one of the largest exporter, supplier and wholesaler of cut
flowers, corms, rhizomes and tubers of its major produce that
includes Gerbera, Gladiolus and Tuberose
According to a report of the APEDA, the total area
under flower crops was estimated around 34,000
hectares, which included 24,000 hectares under
traditional flowers such as marigold, jasmine, aster,
rose, chrysanthemum, tuberose and 10,000
hectares under modern flowers like cornation, rose,
gerbera, gladiolus, anthurium.
show that estimated area and production were
53,000 hectares and 4 lakhs tonnes.
there were mainly 250 export-oriented units in
India.
More than 50% of the floriculture units are based
in South zone mainly in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu. Also West Bengal, Maharashtra,
Rajasthan have large areas under floriculture.
 Exporters should plan and monitor effective
quality control measures right from production
to post harvesting, storage, and transportation.
An analysis of strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities of the floricultural industry shows
that India has immense potential for export of
floricultural products.
Stages of harvest
 Stages of Development For Harvest of Cut Flowers
Harvest stage (I)

Name Stages of Development

Marigold Fully open flower

More than 2 pairs of florets open

Tuberose

Red and pink cultivation first 2 petals

beginning to unfold, calyx reflexed below a
Rose horizontal position
Yellow cultivars slightly earlier than red and
pink
White cultivars slightly later than red and pink
Standard cultivars outer petals fully elongated
spray- cultivars. Singles open but before
Chrysanthemum anthesis Anemones pompons and center of the
oldest flower decorative fully open

Gladiolus 1-5 buds showing color

 Stages of Development For Harvest of Cut Flowers

Harvest stage (II)

Name Stages of Development

Gerbera Outer row of flower showing pollen

Standard cultivars half-open flowers

Carnation Spray cultivars 2 fully open flowers

Anthurium Spadix almost fully developed

China Aster Fully open flowers

Cocks Comb ½ florets open

Dahlia Fully open flowers

Precooling and pulsing treatments
Rose: The flowers are graded on length of stems. Cut roses are classified
into three classes are as :-
Grade Standard Spray
Extra class 70-80 cm 60 cm
Class 1 60-70 cm 50 cm
Class 2 50-60 cm 40 cm

Code Length
5 5-10 cm
ESE standards for fresh cut roses 10 10-15 cm
15 15-20 cm
20 20-30 cm
30 30-40 cm
40 40-50 cm
50 50-60 cm
60 60-80 cm
80 80-100 cm
100 100-120 cm
120 More than 120 cm
🠶
Gladiolus
 Spike Length:at least 1 m.
 Floret Diameter at least 10 cm
 Number of florets per spike at least 16
 All florets must face one side

🠶
Rose
 : of stem ( Neck +
Length Bud + stem ) – at least 60 cm
 Flower colour – attractive, preferably dark red
 No Disease or insect damage
 Harvesting stage – when bud has attained full size but the outer petals are packed
Packaging materials
Packing materials

 Cellophane paper
 Butter paper
 CFB papers
 Aluminum laminated foil
 Polyethylene sheet
 LDPE
Polythene films
films

Aluminium foil
Cello wrapping
 CFB boxes with holes

 Thermacol Boxes
Cold Chain
 Pricing strategies

🠶 Seasonal

🠶 Vase life

🠶 Stalk length

🠶 Fragrance

🠶 Color

🠶 Purpose

🠶 Quality
References :

 http://www.apeda.gov.in
 Strategies of flowers -by nagaraju kp
 Postharvest Management of Cut Flower by Dr. L. Jeebit Singh -by Jeebit Singh
 Post Harvest Handling of Flower Crops -by girija kumara
 https://www.bestcurrentaffairs.com/data-flower-production-india
 www.biotecharticles.com/Agriculture-Article/Grading-and-Packaging-of-Quality-Grade-Cut-
Flowers-for-Export-3782.html
 Last year manual of MKT – 368
THANK
YOU