HOSPITAL PLANNING

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

• Providing an comfortable , economical and user friendly healing environment.
• Patient oriented design strategy.
• Understanding the complexities of hospital design- how departments are
interlinked and equipments and machinery are being used.
• Application of green ideas into hospital design.

Area of research

Understanding the functioning of various departments of hospital and their

co-relation with each other.
• Circulation pattern
• Typologies in hospital design
• Understanding the local culture and its influence in hospital design.
• Understanding the components of healing environment which will
enhance the healing character of the hospital.
• Sustainable principles of energy conservation.
UNDERSTANDING HOSPITAL PLANNING
• COMBINATION OF TECHNOLOGIES, PROCESSES AND HUMAN RESOURCES.
• MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS
• HOSPITAL DESIGN MUST PROVIDE THE ADOOPTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES BESIDES CONTRIBUTING TO THE
EFFICIENCY AND TRANSPARENCY OF PROCESSES.
• MUST PROVIDE A SEAMLESS INTEGRATION OF CLINICAL REQUIREMENTS WITH BUILDING PLANNING AND DESIGNINGG
ISSUES.
--- OPD

MEANING It is the point of contact between the hospital and a patient.

Importance of opd is that it reduces the no. of terminally ill patient
traffic, as it helps in early detection or timely care of any diseases. It
is the first point of contact with the hospital. Hence, also referred to
as “shop window” of the hospital .

FUNCTION • Control dieses by early diagnosis and timely treatment.

• Facilitates the treatment and further investigation without
admission into the hospital , thus reducing the patient load
• Provides follow up care to discharged patients.

PHYSICAL FACILITY • MAIN PHYSICAL FACILITY

• Public areas
• Clinical areas
• Consultation rooms
• Special examination rooms
• Administration area

• SUBSIDIARY FACILITY
• Injection rooms
• Treatment and dressing rooms
• Pharmacy
• Medical record room

• ADDITONAL FACILITIES
• Laboratory
• Medical imaging services
• Screening clinic
• Medico-social service
• Health education facility
 ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY

MEANING Condition determined clinically or considered by the

patient or his/her relatives as requiring urgent
medical services.
Emergency department is considered as the “front
door” of the hospital, as it accounts highest no. of all
hospital admissions.
It is vital for functioning a hospital, especially in cases
of disasters or uncalled events.
FUNCTIONS • Provides fast and effective relief and management
during disaster situations.
• Initiative interaction with police in medico-legal
cases.
• Provision of ambulance services.
• Provision of life saving and immediate treatment
at all the times.
• Works throughout the day, can be accessible
anytime in case of emergency.
PHYSICAL FACILITY • PUBLIC AREAS
• Control station
• Entrance
• TREATMENT FACILITIES
• Public waiting space
• Examination and treatment cubical
• Patient observation area
• THE SUPPORTIVE SERVICES
• Critical care rooms
• Staff rooms along with amenities
DAY CARE SERVICES

MEANING It is a unit where treatment/ operative procedures are

provided in a way that patients can return home in a
day.
The procedure may be diagnostic or minor surgical.
It is also known as ambulatory service. In principal such
a unit is provided with almost all the facilities available
to the in-patient unit.
FUNTIONS • It produces a fast treatment to the patient, and help
them to resume normal life without loss of time.
• It is cost effective for the patient as well as the
hospital.
• It aids in reducing hospital infections, as only
primary treatment is given and the recovery
happens at home.

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS • Entry area

• Holding area
• Pre-operative holding area
• Operation/procedure room
• Patient change area
• Treatment room
• Preparation room
• Recovery room
IMPATIENT DEPARTMENT

MEANING Is a place where patients are admitted

for longer duration or may be even for a
day in case a day care facility is not
available in a hospital. It is the most
important for this part of the hospital to
be designed holistically keeping in mind
the psychology of the patients. As it is
also a away from home, the
environment of this unit must be warm,
flexible and allow of freedom of use of
space according to one’s need and
suitability, while keeping health safety in
mind. It is also called as “nursing unit”
or “surgical care unit”.
TYPES • GENERAL WARD
• PRIVATE WARDS
• ISOLATION WARDS
• EMERGENCY WARDS
• PAEDIATRIC WARDS
OPERATION THEATER
MEANING Is a specialised facility in a hospital where life saving or life
improving procedures are carried out on a human body by
invasive methods under strict sterile environment
maintained mechanically to provide for safe and infection
free results.
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
MEANING ICU is a dedicated facility to critically ill
patient who require invasive life support,
high level of medical and nursing care and
complex treatment. It is a unit eqy=uipped
to treat critical sick patients promptly and
efficiently. Depending on the size of the
hospital there may be separate ICU for
each speciality such as : cardiac, neonatal,
paediatric, neurology, neurosurgery, burn
care centre, organ transplant.
DIAGNOSTICS
MEANING Diagnostic department consists of medical
imaging services and also sample collection
for blood , urine tests. It basically deals with
any kind of tests required for diagnosis of
disease. Depending on the type and size of
the healthcare facility, the medical imaging
unit may provide for X-ray, CT scan,
diagnostic investigation, fluoroscopy ,
ultrasound, ultrasonography, mammography,
radiation procedure, MRI, etc.
LOCATION • Should be located on ground floor and be
connected to IPD services, OPD and
emergency and accident.
• There should be separate entrance for
accident and emergency department.
LABORATORIES
MEANING Modern medicine is becoming
increasingly dependent on laboratory
services for prevention, diagnosis and
control of disease. It generate patient
related information that enhance the
delivery of healthcare. The hospital
laboratory conduct tests for the
diagnosis, progress and response to
therapy.
SERVICES

CENTRAL KITCHEN Kitchen should preferably be located at the ground floor.

The storage area should be close to unloading bay.
Receiving area should have easy access to outside for easy loading, uploading of
disposals and supplies
Separate veg and non-veg preparation and cooking areas
Dieticians office should be located close to the main kitchen.
Sufficient loading space for trolleys to be provided
LAUNDRY
FUNCTION
• Collection and receipt of soiled and
infected linen.
• Sorting, sluicing, disinfecting,
washing, and ironing of the linen.
• Repair of damaged linen.
• Assembling and packaging speciality
items and linen packs for
sterilisation.
• Distribution of linen to the user
department.
MEDICAL GASES
• A medical gas system evolves a highly
sophisticated life support network,
which supplies medical air and
oxygen for patient breathing, nitrous
oxide for anaesthesia, medical air for
driving orthopaedic tools and
vacuum for suction.
CSSD
MEANING A central sterile supply department
(CSSD) is a hospital support service,
which is entrusted with processing and
issues of supplies including sterile
instruments and equipment used in
various departments of a hospital.

MORTUARY
MEANING The main objective of this facility is to
provide for a suitable place for
temporary holding of a dead body.