Topic: Generating some linear second-order

differential with undetermined coefficient by

linearly combining Frobenius and Legendre
differential equation

Presented to: Dr. Syed Nadeem Saeed

Presented by: Mehnaz Basharat (2021-ag-992)
Class: M.Phil. Mathematics 1st (Evening)
Contents

 Introduction
 Methodology
 Applications
 Conclusion
- References
Introduction

 In physical and engineering applications one usually encounter different forms of linear
second-order homogeneous ODEs with variable coefficients which are closed to some
well-known ODEs.
 It is important to utilize this feature to guess the solution method to solve such equations.
 One of the most known powerful techniques to solve this kind of ODEs is the power-series
technique.
 In power-series technique, first determine location and singular points of the relevant
ODEs.
Methodology

 Definitions
1. Analytical Function: A function F (x) is called analytic function at a given point Xo If it
can be expanded in Taylor series in a neighbor good of X= Xo ,

2. Ordinary Point: A linear second-order homogeneous ODE may be put in the form
(1)
 The point X = Xo is called an ordinary point.
Methodology

3. Singular Point: If in the differential equation (1) we find that at least one of the
functions P(x) or Q (x) is not analytic at X=X o, then the point is called a singular point.
4. Regular Singular Point: A point X=X o in the finite plane is called the regular single
point. If and are both analytic functions at .
5. Irregular Singular Point: A point X=X o is called an irregular singular point if it is not
regular singularity.
 Methodology

Frobenius Differential Legendre Differential Bessel Differential Equation

Equation Equation

If the DE (1) has a regular Consider the linear second- Consider the following linear
singular point at X=X then we
o order ODE second-order ODE
use Frobenius method. We
assume , This ODE is known as
Legendre ODE.
Discussion

 Example:
 Solution: Consider,
[2a 2 +6a3x+12a 4 +…]- [a 1x+2a 2x 2+3a 3x 3+…]+ [a 0+a 1x+a 2x2+…]=0
By equating all the coefficients of X to zero, one obtains the undetermined coefficients as
Conclusion

 By combining Frobenius ODE linearly with other ODEs , we get the same ODE.
References

 Shahawe A. I., Daw, Essa S. Najem , Haniyah A. M. Saed. 2019. Generating some linear
second-order differential equation with undetermined coefficients by linearly combining
Frobenius and Legendre Differential Equations. Journal of Pure and Applied sciences.
ISSN 2521-9200.