Motivation Theories

Theories
1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ( From the chapter of Management
Schools)
2. Theory X and Theory Y ( From the chapter of Management Schools)
3. Mc Clelland’s theory of needs
 The theory focuses on three needs
 Need for achievement
 Need for power
 Need for affiliation
4. Self determination theory
 A theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial effects of
intrinsic motivation and harmful effects of extrinsic motivation
5. Cognitive evaluation theory
 Extrinsic rewards will reduce intrinsic motivation
 Theories
6. Goal setting theory
 If a person sets specific and difficult goals , it will definitely lead to higher
performance
7. Self efficacy theory
 It refers to an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of doing a task
 Higher self efficacy means more confidence you have in your ability to
succeed
8. Reinforcement theory
 The theory states that behaviour is a function of its consequence
 The behaviour that gives positive result tends to be repeated and
behavior that gives negative result will not be repeated
9. Social learning theory
 A theory that states that learning can be gained through both observation
and direct experience
 Theories
10. Equity theory
 The theory states that an individual compares job inputs and outputs with
those of others and then responds to remove any inequity
11. Expectancy theory
 The theory focuses on three relationships
 Effort – performance
 Performance – reward
 Reward – personal goals
12. Herzberg’s two factor theory
 Also known as Motivation and Hygiene theory
 Herzberg investigated the question “ what do people want from their job”
 He asked people to describe situations in which they feel exceptionally
good or bad about their jobs
Herzberg’s two factor theory ( Contd…. )
 He concluded that the replies that people gave when they felt good
about their job were significantly different from the replies that people
gave when they felt bad about their job.
 Intrinsic factors such as career growth, recognition , responsibility,
achievement seemed to be related to job satisfaction
 On the other hand, extrinsic factors such as boss, salary, company
policies, working conditions and similar factors related to job
dissatisfaction
 And thus he concluded that factors that led to job satisfaction may not
necessarily be the same as factors that led to job dissatisfaction
 Removing dissatisfying factors from a job may not always lead to job
satisfaction
 Therefore , managers that remove factors causing dissatisfaction may
bring peace but not necessarily motivation