“Power Quality Measurement and

Protection”

Under the guidance of

Prof. Siddarameshwar. H. N

Project Associates

Dhanashree N 01FE15BEE014
Shweta T 01FE15BEE050
Vaishnavi M 01FE15BEE063
Sudha S 01FE16BEE414
 ABSTRACT

Automatic Load Shedding is categorized as one of the protection

systems applied to a Power network. Pre-requirement to this is the
need to understand the electrical system response to the presence of
disturbances and interruptions on over loads.
 INTRODUCTION

 Automatic load shedding may be one of the low cost alternatives to

constructing new transmission line or new generation plants to maintain
system security and reliability.
 Power problems manifested in voltage, current and frequency deviations
results in failure of equipment known as Power Quality.
 Power Quality area are devoted to maintaining the supply voltage and
frequency within certain limits.
 The ultimate reason that we are interested in Power Quality is Economic
value.
 Load shedding is used to relieve stress on a primary energy source when
demand for electricity is greater than the primary power source.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

 The increasing need for PQ measurement has driven the requirement for
standards that describe measuring methods and how the different Power
Quality parameters are calculated and interpreted. [1]

 Monitor and analysis of power system is very important to guarantee

Power Quality.[2]

 Power Quality is a very vast subject and has many factors that affect it.
These factors cause disturbances to the electrical system either at the
supplier side or on the consumer side. [3]
 OBJECTIVES

 Over voltage at consumer side.

 Low voltage at consumer side.

 Frequency deviation at generating side.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
FLOW-CHART
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 Components Used
At mega 328
• 28-pin AVR Microcontroller
• Flash Program Memory: 32kbytes
• EEPROM Data Memory: 1kbytes
• SRAM Data Memory: 2kbytes
• I/O Pins: 23
• Timers: Two 8-bit / One 16-bit
• A/D Converter: 10-bit Six Channel
• PWM: Six Channels
• RTC: Yes with Separate Oscillator
• MSSP: SPI and I²C Master and Slave
Support
• USART: Yes
• External Oscillator: up to 20MHz
PC817

 PC817X Series contains an IRED optically

coupled to a phototransistor.
 It is packaged in a 4pin DIP, available in
wide-lead spacing option and SMT gullwing
lead-form option.
 Input-output isolation voltage(rms) is 5.0kV.
 Collector-emitter voltage is 80V(*) and CTR
is 50% to 600% at input current of 5mA.
RELAY

 Switching capacity available by 10A in

spite of small size design for high density
P.C. board mounting technique.
 Selection of plastic material for high
temperature and better chemical solution
performance.
 Sealed types available.
 Simple relay magnetic circuit to meet low
cost of mass production.
LCD

 Ground (0V)
 Supply voltage; 5V(4.7V –5.3V) Vcc
 

 Backlight VCC (5V) – Led+

 Backlight Ground (0V) – Led-
 Each character is displayed in 5x7
pixel matrix
 
 LCD has two registers, namely,
Command and Data.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR

 Output Current up to 1A.

 Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10,
12 15, 18, 24V
 Thermal Overload Protection.
 Short Circuit Protection.
 Output Transistor Safe
Operating Area Protection.
BRIDGE RECTIFIER
SIMULATION RESULT
PCB LAYOUT
HARDWARE RESULTS
Stable Operation
Under Voltage and Frequency Operation
Over Voltage and Frequency Operation
 REFERENCES

 [1] Randy Barnett , “Power Quality Measurements and Analysis”, NTT

Workforce Development Institute , March 01,2012.
 [2] Kezunovie M, Liao Y, "Automated analysis of power quality
disturbances", IEE Conference Publication 2001.
 [3] A. Ferroero, A. Menchetti, R. Sasdelli , "Measurement of the electric
power quality and related problems", December 1996.
 [4] IEC Standard 1000-2-2, “Compatibility Levels for Low Frequency
Conducted Disturbances and Signaling in Public Low Voltage Power
Supply Systems.”
THANK YOU….