SDH

Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 1

 Definition of SDH
• An international standard for high capacity
optical telecommunications network
• A synchronous digital transport system
aimed at providing a more simple,
economical and flexible
telecommunication infrastructure
• Standardized approach

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 2

 Limitations of today’s
High Capacity Networks
• Inflexible and expensive for
telecommunications networking – based
on step by step asynchronous multiplexing
• Extremely limited network management
and maintenance support capabilities
- no spare signal capacity in PDH frame structure
• Lack of standard
- no optical and no global standard
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 3
 Changing Network Requirements
Customer needs: Faster provision of circuits
and services
PDH VS SDH (en anneaux)
Today Tomorrow
• Point-to-Point • Telecommunication
transmission Networking
MUX/DEMUX
supported by MUX/DEMUX supported by

• Manual approach • Computer-based

to Network integrated Network
Management and Management and
Maintenance Maintenance
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 4
 Basis of todays High Capacity
Networks
LINE SYSTEM
E3

E2

E1

x-connect
X TX Line System TX
X

= /RX /RX

Noeud A Noeud B
Sem.9 5
 Les Multiplexeurs Standards
64K

32 2M
64k/2M E1

2/8
E2

140/545
E5

8/34 4x2 = 8 Mb/s exactement

E3
4x8=32 l sortie 34 msh 32 la2n l fru2at
betbalsh tekbar so menzid bit ma elon
ta3me ta hafez 3l synchronization
(bourrage )
4x34 = 136 bourrage
34/140
E4 4x140 = 560 bourrage
( iza bde etl3 men debit la debit medtar
emra2 b kel l niveaux )
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 6
 Network reconfiguration
PDH solution
140 Mb/s 140 140

Load 35% 34 34
34 34
8 8
8 8
2 2

other traffic other traffic

Exchange

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 7

 Network reconfiguration
SDH solution
STM -1 Bzid w besta5rj ta usal
ADM lal debit l bde yeh

Plus petit debit : 155 Mb/s : STM -1

STM-4 : 622 Mb/s
STM-16 : 2.5 Gb/s
STM -64 : 10 Gb/s
STM-256 : 40 Gb/s

other traffic other traffic

Elements multiplexeurs :
TM : Terminal MUX
Exchange ADM : Add / Drop MUX
Digital cross connect

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 8

TM :
Line system
TM

ADM ADM

Add/Drop
ADM :
TM DXC ADM
Line system Line system
ADM

E/W Tributary

Add/Drop

DXC :
DXC

Add/Drop

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 9

 10 x 2 Mb/s
A B 20 x 2 Mb/s
C
140 Mb/s (cas a)

150 Mb/s (cas b)

EX PDH: Architecture en PDH ayant MUX - DEMUX

- Entre A et B :

2/8 8 (8)
8/2

8 (8)
2/8 34 (20=8+8+4) 8/2
8/34 34/8

8 (2x2=4)
x 2/8 8/2
x
x x
x x

x= inactif

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 10

- Entre B et C :
34
34

8(6) 8/2
2/8 140 (40)
x x 34 (6) 34/140 140/34 x
x 8/34
x
x x
x x

- Entre A et C (cas a):

34/140 140/34

- Entre A et C (cas b):

140
x 545 (150)
2 8 140/
x 8/34 34 (10) x
8 (2) x 140 (10) 545
x x
2/8 34/140
x x
x x
demux
EX SDH: Architecture en SDH étant données TM , ADM , DXC

A(TM) STM - 4 B(ADM) C(TM)

STM - 4
Pass Thru
160 M 180 M

160 M 180 M
2 2
2

Agrégat 2 0
20 14
140 140 + 2x10
2

= 160 M
10

10

!!! 3a kel agregat b7added ta e2dr na2e l niveaux de ligne !!!

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 12

EX SDH: Architecture en SDH étant données TM , ADM , DXC

10 x 2 Mb/s
A B 20 x 2 Mb/s
C
140 Mb/s (cas a)

A(ADM) B(ADM) C(ADM)

STM - 1 STM - 1

20 M 40 M 40 M
20 M
2 2

140 M
2

2 140 M
0
20 14
2

140
10

10

STM - 1
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 13
EX SDH: Architecture en SDH étant données TM , ADM , DXC

A B

E D
!!!! Tout sont des DXC ici !!!!
S’il a demandé juste ADM sans DXC fine e2sma la deux parties

A B A B

Sem.9 E D D 14
EX SDH: Architecture en SDH étant données TM , ADM , DXC

A B
ADM ADM
DXC E

D C
TM TM

A B C D E
A - 5 10 15 20
B - - 10 5 30
C - - - 10 20
D - - - - 50

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 15

 5

5
A
2
B 2

10 M 10 M 2

2
90 M STM
50
1 2 10
10 90 M 2 5
2
E
15
2

90 M
30
90 M
20 2 2
20 30

STM 4 100 M STM 1

5
160 M 10
2

D
2
160 M
20
100 M
C 2
2 10
50 2 2
15 10
2 2

10
2
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 16
20
 SDH Principles

POH
P 140 Mb/s
O VC-3 VC-12
ATM
H

P
O VC-4
H

N x VC-4

RSOH
MSOH

Frame of STM -N
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 17
 Logical Network with SDH

SDH paths

Physical
Network

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 18

 Processing POH and SOH
Examples
PABX
MSOH
T RSOH RSOH RSOH
EX E R R ADM
R
M RSOH

POH MSOH R

RSOH

EX DXC R ADM
RSOH RSOH

MSOH

PABX

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 19

 Transport Network
Key word in focus
• Capacity
• Network utilization
• Quality
• Flexibility
• Fast service provisioning
• Network design
• Network management

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 20

 SDH Transport Capabilities
• Future
Existingsignals
signals
- FDDI
2 Mb/s
- 34 Mb/s
DQDB
- 140 Mb/s
ATM
- DS1
- DS2
- DS3

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 21

 SDH is leading to :

• New type of Network Elements

• Managed Transmission Network
• More Cost-Effective Network Solutions
- Reductions in maintenance costs
- Facilitating new types of services and
additional revenues

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 22

 SDH Network Elements
PDH
or TERM STM-N Terminals
STM-1 • Multiplexing

STM-N TERM STM-N ADD/DROP

MULTIPLEXERS
• Pass through
• Rearrange
• Add/drop
PDH or STM-1

DIGITAL CROSS
PDH TERM PDH CONNECTS
or or • Replacement of DDF
STM-1 STM-1 • Improved link utilization
• Separations of diff. services

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 23

 Direct Synchronous Multiplexing

SDH SDH
Tributary ADD-Drop ADD-Drop Tributary
signals SDH signals
Multiplexer Line signal
Multiplexer

SDH SDH
Tributary Terminal Terminal Tributary
signals SDH signals
Multiplexer Digital Cross Multiplexer
Connect

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 24

Integrated Network
Management and Maintenance
SDH SDH
Line signal
Line signal
Terminal Digital Terminal
Multiplexer X-connect Multiplexer

Network Network Network

Management Embedded Management Embedded Management
overhead overhead

Data communications
Interface

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 25

Telecommunications management
network , TMN
Networks… Need…
- With different types of equipment - Standardized interfaces
- Made in different versions - Management functions
- By different manufacturers - routines

TMN

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 26

 TMN Functional Architecture

Business
BSNE-triangle

Service

Network

Network Element

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 27

 TMN Telecommunications Management Network

OSS OSS

Data communication network

Q3

Network elements, NE
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 28
 Organization of network management

Service management center

International network
SMC Management center
National

Network management center INOC

NMC

Element management center

International National Transport Access …….

switching switching network network

Geographical areas
Regional

Team Team Team

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 29

SDH- Management covers only Network
and Network Element Management
• Provides services for the overall
• Business management of the enterprise
Management -
• Is concerned with the provision
• Service and administration of services to
customers
Management -
• Network • Performs the overall coordination,
configuration ,control and end to
Management end network resources
-
• Network Element • Provides services to manage
network elements on an individual
Management basis

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 30

 Protection / Restoration
Protection Restoration

• MSP 1+1
(Multiplex Section Protection)

• VC-4 SNCP
(Sub-Network Connection Protection)

• VC-12 SNCP
• Self-healing rings

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 31

 A Single Network Infrastructure
Local Plant Local Network Long Haul

SDH

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 32

Benefits of SDH Introduction: Example Add/Drop
Rings in the Junction Transport Network
PDH SDH

TE SM CO

CO CO
SM SM
CO CO
SM
CO CO
STAR Network Ring structure
# Only 1=1 route diversity # Flexible bandwidth
Protection if used Allocation

# Fixed configuration # VC-level protection

TE= Trunk Exchange SM= Synchronous Multiplexer

CO= Central Office
Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 33
 Network Architecture

PDH SDH

Central node

Peripheral node

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 34

 Strategies for introduction of SDH
Step – by – step introduction

OPTION 1 SDH “islands”

OPTION 2 Hybrid Network

OPTION 3 Overlay Network

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 35

 SDH Introduction strategy
Hybrid Network Overlay Network

SDH islands

SDH network

PDH network PDH network

A growing number of SDH-islands Top-down introduction of SDH

expanding in a PDH environment

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 36

 Transport network structure
Cross Connects

National
level

Regional
level

local
level

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 37

 Features of different topologies
Line Ring Mesh

Low initial investments ++ + -

Low medium – to long term - - +

costs as network grows

High flexibility – easy to add + - ++

new network elements

High availability – quick and - ++ +

efficient protection / restoration

Easy to manage - + -

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 38

 Beyond 2,5 Gb/s

• Move to 10 Gb/s SDH technology

• Use WDM in conjunction with

existing SDH

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 39

Evolving broadband network layers
Broadband applications

IP

ATM

SDH

Photonic layer (WDM)

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 40

 Advantages of SDH

• Designed for cost effective, flexible telecom networking

– Based on direct synchronous multiplexing
• Provide built-in-signal capacity for advanced network management
and maintenance capabilities
– Nearly 5% of signal structure is allocated for this purpose
• Can carry both existing and future signals
• Allow a single telecommunications network infrastructure
– Can interconnect network equipment from different vendors

Sem.9 Systèmes de Télécom. 41