Strategy for Human Resource

Management
Lecture 17

HRM 765
 Last Lecture
• Socialization, training and development
• Stages of orientation and socialization.
– Pre-arrival---encounter stage-----Metamorphosis stage.
• The Purpose of New-Employee Orientation
• The CEO’s Role in Orientation
• The HR manager’s Role in Orientation
• Employee Training
– Indicators of need for more training
– Determining Training Needs
– On-the-job training methods
– Off-the-job training methods
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Topic

Socializing, Orienting, and Developing

Employees

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Learning Outcomes
• Discuss the term organizational development
and the role of the change agent.
• Explain the term learning organization.
• Describe the methods and criteria involved in
evaluating training programs.
• Explain issues critical to international training
and development.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Employee Development
• Employee development is a joint, on-
going effort on the part of an
employee and the organization for
which he or she works to upgrade the
employee's knowledge, skills, and
abilities.
• Successful employee development
requires a balance between an
individual's career needs and goals
and the organization's need to get
work done..
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Employee Development
Employee development methods
– Job rotation involves moving
employees to various positions in
the organization to expand their
skills, knowledge and abilities.
– Assistant-to positions allow
employees with potential to work
under and be coached by
successful managers.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Employee Development
Employee development methods
– Committee assignments provide
opportunities for:
• decision-making
• learning by watching others
• becoming more familiar with organizational
members and problems
– Lecture courses and seminars benefit from
today’s technology and are often offered in
a distance learning format.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Employee Development
Employee development methods
– Simulations include case studies, decision
games and role plays and are intended to
improve decision-making.
– Outdoor training typically involves challenges
which teach trainees the importance of
teamwork.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Organization Development
• What is change?
• OD efforts support changes that are
usually made in four areas:
– The organization’s systems
– Technology
– Processes
– People

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Organization Development
• Two metaphors clarify the change
process.
– The calm waters metaphor describes
unfreezing the status quo, change to a new
state, and refreezing to ensure that the
change is permanent.
– The white-water rapids metaphor recognizes
today’s business environment which is less
stable and not as predictable.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Change Process

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Organization Development
OD Methods
• Organizational development facilitates
long-term organization-wide changes.
• OD techniques include:
– survey feedback
– process consultation
– team building
– intergroup development

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Organization Development
• Survey feedback assesses
organizational members’
perceptions and attitudes.
• The summarized data are used
to identify problems and clarify
issues so that commitments to
action can be made.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Organization Development
• Process consultation uses
outside consultants to help
organizational members
perceive, understand, and act
upon process events.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Organization Development
• Team building may include:
– goal setting
– development of interpersonal
relationships
– clarification of roles

• Team building attempts to increase

trust, openness, and team
functioning.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Organization Development
The Learning Organization
• Values continued learning and
believes a competitive advantage can
be gained from it.
• Characterized by:
– capacity to continuously adapt
– employees continually acquire and share
new knowledge
– collaboration across functional
specialties
– teams are an important feature

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Evaluating Training and
Development Effectiveness
Evaluating Training Programs:
• Typically, employee and manager opinions are
used,
– These opinions or reactions are not necessarily valid
measures
– Influenced by things like difficulty, entertainment value
or personality of the instructor.
• Performance-based measures (benefits gained)
are better indicators of training’s cost-
effectiveness.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Evaluating Training and
Development Effectiveness
Performance-Based Evaluation Measures
– Post-training performance method.
Employees’ on-the-job performance is
assessed after training.
– Pre-post-training performance method .
Employee’s job performance is assessed
both before and after training, to determine
whether a change has taken place.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Evaluating Training and
Development Effectiveness
Performance-Based Evaluation Measures
• Pre-post-training performance with
control group method.
– Compares the pre-post-training results of the
trained group with the concurrent job
performance of a control group, which does
not undergo instruction.
– Used to control for factors other than training
which may affect job performance.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 International Training and
Development Issues
Cross-Cultural Training
• Necessary for expatriate
managers and their families:
– before assignments (to learn
language and culture)
– during, and after foreign
assignments (to adjust to
changes back home).

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 International Training and
Development Issues
• Cross-cultural training is more than language
training
• Involves learning about the culture’s:
– History
– Politics
– Economy
– Religion
– Social climate
– Business practices
• May involve role playing, simulations.

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 International Training and
Development Issues
Development
• Often, organizations do not do a good job of
planning for the return of overseas managers.
• Leads to the managers’ being frustrated
• Returning expatriates can:
– be assigned a domestic position
– prepare for a new overseas assignment
– retire or be terminated

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
 Summary
• Employee Development
• What is change and the Change Process
• OD techniques include:
– survey feedback
– process consultation
– team building
– intergroup development
• The Learning Organization

• Evaluating Training Programs

• Cross-Cultural Training

• International Training and Development Issues

Fundamentals of Human Resource

Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins