NARAYANA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

AUTONOMOUS NELLORE

Prepared By
K.RAJESH
20711e0037
MBA-Sec A
 Definition Of Human Rights

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality,
place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other
status.

We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination.

These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.

Universal Declaration of Human
Rights
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted by the UN
Commission on Human Rights chaired by, then first lady, Eleanor Roosevelt. The
UDHR was adopted by the 56 member nations (now 192) of the UN General
Assembly on December 10, 1948.

• December 10th is celebrated around the world as International Human Rights

Day.
 What are Human Rights?

Human rights are rights inherent to all human

beings, including you. Human rights are rights
and freedom to which all humans are entitled.
Proponents of the concept usually assert that
everyone is endowed with certain entitlements
merely by reason of being human.
RIGHT TO LIFE
The right to life is the essential right that a human being has the right not to be killed by
another human being.
The concept of a right to life is central to debates on issues of abortion capital the
punishment, euthanasia, self defence and war.
 Regardless of your Status

No matter what you NATIONALITY is

No problem where you PLACE OF RESIDENCE
Your SEX is not an issue
Your ETHNICITY does not affect your entitlement
to rights
Your COLOR has no role in deciding your rights
Your RELIGION does not matter for you to be right
holder
LANGUAGE has no role in entitlement of rights
Any other STATUS does not affect your right
 What are Human Rights Principles?

•Universality
•Inviolable
•Inalienable
•Indivisible
•Interdependent
•Inter-related
What are human rights principles?
•Universality
•Inviolable
•Inalienable
•Indivisible
•Interdependent
•Inter-related
•Equality
•Non-discriminatory
TYPES OF RIGHTS Negative and
Positive Rights
•1. Negative Rights is the right to be left
alone. Negative rights are an absolute right
whose slightest violation breaks this right.
Right not be tortured. Duty bearer has to
refrain.
•2. Positive Rights Right to health Right to
education etc Duty bearer has to act.
 Three Responsibilities of State
•TO RESPECT YOUR HUMAN RIGHTS
•The obligation to respect means that States must
refrain from interfering with or curtailing the
enjoyment of human rights.
•TO PROTECT YOUR HUMAN RIGHTS
•The obligation to protect requires States to
protect individuals and groups against human
rights abuses.
•TO FULFIL YOUR HUMAN RIGHTS
•The obligation to fulfill means that States must
take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment
of basic human rights. At the individual level,
while we are entitled our human rights, we should
also respect the human rights of others.
Categories of Rights
•Civil and Political Rights
•Economic Social and Cultural Rights
•Individual and Community Rights
•Democratic Rights
Derogable and Non-Derogable Rights
•What is Derogation?
•Temporary deviation in the way of detracting from
many of
•the rights provided in the law, international or
domestic. The ACT of a state suspending the
application and enjoyment of certain human rights
upon its declaration of state of emergency
affecting the life of a whole nation.
•Derogation allows an state to take necessary
measures of violating human rights norms during
the derogation period. Derogation is a treaty
clause (ICCPR 4).
 Non-Derogable Rights
•Following rights can never be derogated
•Article 6 Right to Life (Article 9)
•Article 7- Right not to be tortured (Article 14
Pakistani constitution)
•Article 8 (paragraphs I and 2) No one shall be
held in slavery (Article 11 Pakistani
constitution)
•Article 11 No one shall be imprisoned merely on
the ground of inability to fulfil a contractual
obligation.
•Article 15 Protection against Retrospective
Punishment (Article 12 Pakistani constitution)
•Article 16 - Everyone shall have the right to
recognition everywhere as a person before the law
Under what circumstances State
Declares Emergencies
•Civil War
•Natural Disaster
•Situations affecting the life of the nation
•Situation threatens the public order
 What are States responsibilities under
Emergency?
•To inform to the parties of ICCPR
•To inform UN Secretary General about reasons and
time period
•Renewal of Emergencies passed from Parliament
•State of Emergencies should continue until it
needed
•The rationale behind the derogation clause
permitting the
•suspension of certain rights is only for the sole
and unique
•purpose of restoring normalcy and to guarantee
the exercise
•of the most fundamental human rights.