BUSINESS R E S EA R C H

MET H OD O L O G Y
(P QS 3 1 4 3 )
– R ESEA R C H PR O C ESS (I)
LECTURE 2
A SE KIN B T H J A B R ASHID
DR NOR
RESEARCH PROCESS
• Stages in the research process
• Development of problem statement
• Formulating research questions
• Formulating research objectives
• Reviewing the literature
• Formulating research hypotheses
 BASIC STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS

1.Identify and develop your topic

2.Do a preliminary search for information
3.Locate materials
4.Evaluate your sources
5.Make notes
6.Write your paper
7.Cite your sources properly – APA styles
8.Proofread – grammarly.Com
Stages in the Research Process
FIVE MAIN CHAPTERS

• CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
• CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW
• CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• CHAPTER 4 - DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
• CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
• Research Background (reveal the issues and statistics on
related topic)

• Problem Statement (reveal previous studies that have been

done in the same area and identify the gap)

• Research Objectives (minimum 3 maximum 5)

• Research Questions (same as RO)
• Scope of Study (area covered and expected
sample/respondents)
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
• Literature Review
• For IVs, DV, and relationship between IVs and DV
• Underlying Theories
• Research Framework
• Research Hypothesis
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• Research Design
• Qualitative/Quantitative/Mixed-methods?
• Data Collection
• Sampling Frame/Technique
• Proposed Data Analysis
• Development of Research Instrument
(Questionnaire)
CHAPTER 4 : DATA ANALYSES AND
RESULTS
• Descriptive Statistics for Respondents and Organization
• Descriptive Statistics of Variables (if needed)
• Data Analysis / Hypothesis Testing Analysis (choose
which one that applicable to answer RQs)
• Independent sample t-test
• ANOVA
• Correlation
• Regression
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
• Recapitulation of The Study’s Findings
• Discussion
• Answer to Problem Statement, RO, RQ, and RH
• Implications/Significance
• Limitations of A Study
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEM
STATEMENT

• Once you select area of interest, you need to find out

the problem that you can help to solve through a
research.
• The problem may be solved and may be not, at the
end of research activities.
• Example?
 EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM
STATEMENT
Current Halal standards regulate food production,
preparation, handling and storage does not ensure
that the product is Halal at the point of consumption
(Tieman, 2006).
 Increasing complexity of supply chain (Lam &
Alhashmi, 2008)
 The complexity of today’s supply chain is making
integrity issues harder to detect (Zalina, 2008; Talib,
Ali, & Jamaludin, 2008; Shafie & Othman, 2004; Abdul,
Ismail, Hashim, & Johari, 2009).
 Halal integrity issues in the supply chain have
possibly become more costly than before (Zakaria &
Abdul Talib, 2010)
Problem encounter
Misconception of Halal concept among Halal food
producers such as;
The issues of food ingredient, food cleanliness, Halal
food mixing with non-Halal food in storage, distribution
activities as well as the issue of poultry and meat
slaughtering that does not comply with the Syariah
principles (Omar & Jaafar, 2011).
An increasing number of fraudulent cases such as
Halal certification and physical contamination (Zulfakar,
Jie, & Chan, 2012).
Lack of traceability
Halal foods manufacturers do not comply with the
system used to satisfy the regulations set by the Malaysia authorities (Suhaiza et
authenticity of the Halal
al., 2010b).
products. (Tieman, 2006).
 Numerous studies have been conducted in Halal integrity and food supply chain
integrity (e.g., Abdul & Hazlinda, 2011; Zulfakar, Anuar, & Talib, 2014; Russly & Nurrulhidayah, 2013; Ali et al., 2014; Zulfakar, Jie, & Chan,
2012; Suhaiza et al., 2010a), but limited had focused on identification of factors enhancing Halal

food supply chain integrity within supply chain partners.

There was no empirical study that focused specifically to show the relationship
between HTSA and factors enhancing HFSCIn. (e.g., Zulfakar, Anuar, and Talib, 2014; Suhaiza et al.,
2010b)

Gaps of Limited studies had been performed to justify the significance

knowledge between the HTSA and HFSCIn on HFSCPer. (e.g., van der Vorst (2000),
supply chain performance is the degree to which a supply chain fulfills end user requirements)

Halal needs a supply chain approach to fulfill the promise of Halal to the end-
customer that the food they consume is a subsequent to the Islamic principles.
(e.g., Lada, Tanakinjal, and Amin , 2009; Alserhan, 2010); Ibrahim and Mokhtarudin, 2010; Wilson and Liu, 2010; and Tieman, 2011).

Few studies collaborate Halal context in supply chain approach.

Limited published studies that examine the Halal integrity and traceability issues in
Halal industry context especially by using the quantitative method. (e.g.; Suhaiza et al., 2010b; Siti,
Mohd, & Mohamad, 2011; Zulfakar, Anuar, & Talib, 2014; Bahrudin, Illyas, & Desa, 2011).
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES (RO)
• Based on the problem statement, the development of ROs is an
‘acceptable’ evidence of clear sense of purpose and direction for
a research.
• Example?
– To identify………….
– To determine………..
– To examine………….
– To investigate…….
RESEARCH QUESTIONS (RQ)
• You may find it is easier to write RQ based on the RO.
• The development of RQ consist of:
–fact-oriented
–information-gathering question
• Focused and clarified RQ will lead to the research objective
(RO)
• Example?
• What…………?
• Do/does………………?
• How……………….?
EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES & QUESTIONS
RQ1: Does HIEF have significant influence
towards HTSA?

RQ2: Does the HIEF have significant

influence towards HFSCIn?

RQ3: Does the HIEF have significant influence

towards HFSCPer through HFSCIn?

RQ4: Does the HTSA have significant

influence towards HFSCIn?

RQ5: Does the HTSA have significant influence

towards HFSCPer through HFSCIn?

RQ6: Does the HFSCIn have significant

influence towards HFSCPer?
STUDENT ACTIVITIES
• DRAFT YOUR PROBLEM STATEMENT (AT LEAST 3
PARAGRAPH), RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.

• SUBMISSION THROUGH E-LEARNING.

• DEADLINE FRIDAY (24 APRIL 2020) BEFORE 4PM.
TH

• Next class: literature review for the development of theoretical

framework and formulating of research hypotheses
• Your tasks? Read your articles on LR and hypotheses development.