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  • Theories of Learning

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    Darwin Navarro
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    This document summarizes several learning theories: - Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and reinforcement/punishment, with classical conditioning involving reflexes and operant conditioning involving feedback. - Cognitivism views learning as connecting symbols stored in memory, focusing on mental processes. Approaches include discovery learning and meaningful verbal learning using advance organizers. - Constructivism sees learning as an active, social process where learners construct their own meaning. Approaches include journaling, experiential activities, and collaborative learning. - Experientialism emphasizes learning by doing through methods like field trips, experiments, and role playing. - Social and contextual views learning as a shared process within a community, stimulated by

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    This document summarizes several learning theories: - Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and reinforcement/punishment, with classical conditioning involving reflexes and operant conditioning involving feedback. - Cognitivism views learning as connecting symbols stored in memory, focusing on mental processes. Approaches include discovery learning and meaningful verbal learning using advance organizers. - Constructivism sees learning as an active, social process where learners construct their own meaning. Approaches include journaling, experiential activities, and collaborative learning. - Experientialism emphasizes learning by doing through methods like field trips, experiments, and role playing. - Social and contextual views learning as a shared process within a community, stimulated by

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    11 views17 pages

    Theories of Learning

    Uploaded by

    Darwin Navarro
    This document summarizes several learning theories: - Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and reinforcement/punishment, with classical conditioning involving reflexes and operant conditioning involving feedback. - Cognitivism views learning as connecting symbols stored in memory, focusing on mental processes. Approaches include discovery learning and meaningful verbal learning using advance organizers. - Constructivism sees learning as an active, social process where learners construct their own meaning. Approaches include journaling, experiential activities, and collaborative learning. - Experientialism emphasizes learning by doing through methods like field trips, experiments, and role playing. - Social and contextual views learning as a shared process within a community, stimulated by

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Darwin C.

    Navarro
    MAED - THE
    Behaviorism
    • It is confined to observable and
    measurable behavior.
    • Learning is defined by the outward
    expression of new behaviors and
    context-independent.
    • Biological basis for
    learning.
    • Focuses on observable
    behaviors.
    Behaviorism OPERANT
    CONDITIONING
    CLASSICAL
    (SKINNER)
    CONDITIONING (PAVLOV)
    • The response is made
    • A stimulus is presented in first then reinforcement
    order to get a response. follows.
    • It is about reflexes. • It is about
    feedback/reinforcement.
    Behaviorism in the Classroom
    • Rewards and Punishments
    • Responsibility for student learning
    rests squarely with the teacher.
    • Lecture-Based and Highly
    Structured
    Cognitivism
    • Grew in response to
    Behaviorism.
    • Knowledge is stored cognitively
    as symbols.
    • Learning is the process of
    connecting symbols in a
    meaningful and memorable way.
    • Studies focused on the mental
    processes that facilitate symbol
    connection.
    Cognitivism •MEANINGFUL VERBAL
    •DISCOVERY LEARNING LEARNING (AUSUBEL)
    (BRUNER) • Advance Organizers:
    • Anybody can learn anything at any • New material is presented in a
    age, provided it is stated in terms systematic way and is connected to
    they can understand. existing cognitive structures in a
    meaningful way.
    • Powerful Concepts (Not Isolated • When learners have difficulty with
    Facts) new material, go back to the
    • Transfer to many different situations. concrete anchors (Advance
    • Only possible through discovery Learning.
    Organizers).
    • Confront the learner with problems and help
    them find solutions. Do not present • Provide a discovery approach and
    sequenced materials. they will learn.
    Cognitivism in the Classroom
    • Inquiry-Oriented Projects
    • Provide opportunities for
    the testing of hypotheses.
    • Curiosity is encouraged.
    • Stage Scaffholding
    Constructivism
    • Grew out of and in response to
    Cognitivism and was framed around
    Metacognition.
    • Knowledge is actively constructed.
    • Learning is:
    • A search for meaning by the learner.
    • Contextualized
    • An Inherently Social Activity
    • Dialogic and Recursive
    • The Responsibility of the Learner
    Constructivism in the Classroom
    • Journaling
    • Experiential Activities
    • Personal Focus
    • Collaborative and
    Cooperative Learning
    Experientialism
    • Process of making meaning out of a
    direct experience
    • Learning by doing.
    • It emphasized the process of
    learning and not on the product.
    Experientialism Methods
    • Fieldtrips
    • Narratives
    • Conducting Experiments
    • Simulations
    • Games
    • Storytelling
    • Focused Imaging
    • Field Observations
    • Role Playing
    • Model Building
    • Surveys
    Social and Contextual
    • Learning does not occur solely within the
    learner, but in the group and community in
    which they work
    • Learning is a shared process which takes place
    through observing, working together and being
    part of a larger group, which includes
    colleagues of varying levels of experience, able
    to stimulate each other’s development.
    • In this view, rather like cognitivism, individuals
    only learn from more competent others but the
    emphasis is now on being part of a larger
    system
    Social and Contextual
    • Open forum
    • Group discussion
    • Research studies
    Thank you and
    God Bless!!!

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