Application of

Soft Computing
Sachin Goel
Assistant Professor
Contents
 Concept of computing
 Important characteristics of ”Computing”
 Hard Computing
 Soft computing
 Characteristics of Soft computing
 Soft computing applications
 Hard Computing vs Soft computing
 Components of Soft Computing
 Why We are studying ?
• Some important fields like Biology,
medicine and humanities are still
intractable using conventional
mathematical and analytical models.
• Design to implement the real world
problems because it includes
imprecision, partial truth and very
difficult to categorize.
•It is possible to map human mind with
the help of soft computing.
 Like consider two problems:
 w1=“abc” w2= “abd” Question is whether w1 is
same as w2?
 The answer is simply No it means there is an
algorithm by which we can say No
 But when the question is that how much these
two twins are similar?
 Than from conventional computing the answer is
either YES or NO. But these may be 80% similar
and this can be only answered by Soft Computing
Concept of Computing
Computing is any activity that uses computers to manage,
process, and communicate information. It includes development
of both hardware and software. For example Adding information
in Data Base, Compute the sum of two numbers using a C
program etc

Figure :Basic of computing

y = f (x ), f is a mapping function
f is also called a formal method or an algorithm to solve a
problem.
Important Characteristics
Should provide precise solution.
Control action should be unambiguous and
accurate.
Suitable for problem, which is easy to model
mathematically.
Hard Computing
In1996, LA Zade (LAZ) introduced the term hard computing.
According to LAZ: We term a computing as ”Hard” computing, if
►Precise result is guaranteed
►Control action is unambiguous
►Control action is formally defined (i.e. with mathematical model

Example:

►Solving numerical problems (e.g. Roots of polynomials,

Integration etc.)
►Searching and sorting techniques
►Solving ”Computational Geometry” problems (e.g. Shortest tour in
Graph theory, Finding closest pair of points etc.)
Soft Computing
 Emerging approach to computing which parallel the
remarkable ability of the human mind to reason and learn in
an environment of uncertainty and imprecision [Zadeh, 1992]
 The idea behind soft computing is to model cognitive
behavior of human mind.
 Soft computing is foundation of conceptual intelligence in
machines.
 Intelligence provides the power to derive the answer and not
simply arrive to the answer.
 Soft computing is a collection of methodologies that aim to
exploit the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty to
achieve tractability, robustness, and low solution cost.
Cont…
Cont..
 It consists of distinct concepts and techniques which aim to
overcome the difficulties encountered in real world problems.
 These problems result from the fact that our world seems to
be imprecise, uncertain and difficult to categorize.
 The final aim is to develop a computer or a machine which
will work in a similar way as human beings can do i.e. the
wisdom of human beings can be replicated in computers in
some artificial manner.
 “In effect the role model of soft computing is human mind.”
 Soft computing is when program learns by its own while in
hard computing computing is hardly done on the basis of
algorithm. Like Whether Forecasting
Characteristics of Soft Computing
►It does not require any mathematical
modeling of problem solving
►It may not yield the precise solution
►Algorithms are adaptive (i.e. it can adjust
to the change of dynamic environment)
►Use some biological inspired methodologies
such as genetics, evolution, Ant’s
behaviors, particles swarming, human
nervous systems etc.
Applications of Soft Computing
►Medical diagnosis
►Person identification / Computer vision
►Hand written character recognition
►Pattern recognition and Machine Intelligence
MI
►Weather forecasting
Components of Soft Computing

Fuzzy Set Theory • Uncertainty

Neural Networks • Learning and Adaptation

Probabilistic • Reasoning in Uncertainty

Reasoning

Evolutionary • Adaptive search and

Computing Optimization
 Soft computing represents a significant paradigm shift in
the aims of computing. A shift which reflects the fact that
the human mind, unlike present day computers,
possesses a remarkable ability to store and process
information which is pervasively imprecise, uncertain
and lacking in categoricity.