9.

Engine Cooling System

9-1. Air and Water Cooling System

9-2. Working Principles of Air & Water Cooling System
9-3. Variation of Gas Temperature
9-4. Components of Water Cooling System

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9-1. Air and Water Cooling System

■ Engine Cooling System

 Prevent Overheating
 Excess Heat generated in engine
 Peak temperatures exceed melting point of metal
 Cooling removes excess heat
 Regulate Temperature
 Allow engine to warm up in cool weather
 Cold engine less efficient
 Cold engine allow corrosive compounds to form
 Maintain engine in optimum range

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9-1. Air and Water Cooling System
 CONSEQUENCES OF ENGINE RUNNING TOO HOT
 Pre-ignition
 Detonation
 Knock
- All result in very high pressure rise and possible damage to engine
 Heat fatigue of components
- Burnt pistons
- Burnt valves
 Failure of lubrication system
- Oil breakdown
- Oil film at cylinder destroyed at 200°C
 Scoring of piston & sleeves
 Warping & fracture of components

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9-1. Air and Water Cooling System
 CONSEQUENCES OF ENGINE RUNNING TOO COLD
 Unnecessary wear
 Poor fuel economy
- Incomplete combustion
- Lower coolant temperature
 More energy transferred out of cylinder
 Energy is wasted & not available for work (Power)
 Promotes corrosive conditions in engine
- Water of combustion reacts with sulfur oxides in exhaust
 Forms acids
- Allows water & sludge to accumulate in crankcase
- Over time, fuel diluting the oil will accumulate
 Normally lighter volatile fuel will evaporate as temp. rises

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9-2. Working Principles of Air &
Water Cooling System
 Air Cooling System
 Heat is transferred from cylinder block and head to air directly
• Use many fins on cylinder block and head for effective heat transfer to the
surrounding air
• Heat Transfer depend on;
1) Temperature Difference
2) Heat Transfer Area
3) Hear Transfer Coefficient
• Normally cylinder and heat temperature in an air-cooled engine is about
twice that of a comparable water-cooled engine
• Equipped Oil Cooler and use high viscosity oil

 Heat transfer coefficient between metal to water is about 100 times better than metal to
air
 Therefore, either the metal to air surface area or the temperature difference or
combination of two should be 100 times larger in air-cooled engine to obtain same
amount of heat transfer
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9-2. Working Principles of Air &
Water Cooling System
Air-Cooling Diesel Engine

Air-cooling system for an Air-cooling system for a

in-line four-cylinder horizontally opposed four-
engine cylinder engine
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9-2. Working Principles of Air &
Water Cooling System

Gasoline Engine(VW Beetle)

Gasoline Engine(Motorbike)
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9-2. Working Principles of Air &
Water Cooling System
• Water Cooling System

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9-3. Variation of Gas Temperature

Heat Distribution

Heat transfer
9
9-3. Variation of Gas Temperature

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9-4. Components of Water Cooling
System
• Water Cooling System
– Components
 Radiator
 Radiator Cooling Fans
 Pressure Cap & Reserve Tank
 Water Pump
 Thermostat
 Freeze Plugs
 Heater Core

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9-4. Components of Water Cooling
System

 Radiator
• Heat exchanger to air
• Coolant reservoir

 Pressure Cap & Reserve Tank

• Hold pressure on modern closed
cooling system
• Pressure relief into overflow
chamber at high temp & pressure

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9-4. Components of Water Cooling
System
 Radiator Cooling Fans
• Forces air through radiator
• Electric Fan/Clutch Fan/Flex Fan

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9-4. Components of Water Cooling
System

 Water Pump
• Circulate coolant thru out cooling system
• Centrifugal Pump (housing & Impeller)

 Thermostat
• Maintain proper engine temperature
• Sealed copper cup that contained wax and metal pellet
• As the thermostat heats up, the hot wax expands, pushing a piston against spring
pressure to open the valve and allow coolant to circulate

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9-4. Components of Water Cooling
System

 Freeze Plugs
• When coolant freeze, pressure of water
freezing and expanding forced the freeze-out
plugs to pop out, relieving pressure and saving
engine block from cracking

 Heater Core
• provide heat to the interior of vehicle
when needed

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9-4. Components of Water Cooling
System
 Antifreeze Coolant
• Lower freezing point of a water-based
coolant
• Mixture freezing-point depressor for cold
environments, boiling-point elevator for higher
coolant temperature and
additives(rust/corrosion inhibitor)
• Normally Ethylene/Propylene Glycol base

 Maintenance of Cooling System

• Visual inspection of all cooling system components, including belts and hoses
• Radiator pressure cap test to check for the recommended system pressure level
• Thermostat check for proper opening and closing
• Pressure test to identify any external leaks to cooling system parts; including radiator,
water pump, engine coolant passages, radiator and heater hoses and heater core
• Internal leak test to check for combustion gas leakage into cooling system
• Engine fan test for proper operation
• System power flush and refill with car manufacturer's recommended
concentration of coolant
6:40
21:03

6:10
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Thank You!