Black hole

Made by: Nagrineac Felicia-Elena

Teacher: Rotaru Marina
Black hole​​.........................................................pag 1,2
The history​........................................................pag 3
A simple illustration of a non-rotating black hole​...pag 4
Training and evolution​......................................pag 5
The growth​.........................................................pag 6
 Black hole​
•A black hole is a region in space-time with a
gravitational force so great that nothing - not even
particles and electromagnetic radiation like light - can
escape once it enters it. The theory of general relativity
predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform
space and time so as to form a black hole. The
boundaries of such a region from which nothing can
escape is called the horizon of events. Even if the horizon
of events has an enormous effect on the fate and
circumstances of an object passing through it, no
apparent feature can be observed. In many ways a black
hole behaves like an ideal black body because it does not
reflect light at all. Moreover, the quantum field theory in
curved space-time predicts a horizon of events inversely
proportional to its mass. The temperature is in the order
of billions of degrees Celsius in the case of black stellar
holes, making them essentially impossible to observe. 
Despite the invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be deduced by its
interaction with matter and by electromagnetic radiation such as visible light.
Matter entering a black hole can form a friction-heated outer accretion disk,
forming some of the brightest objects in the universe. If there are other stars
orbiting a black hole, their orbits can be used to determine the mass and
location of a black hole. Such observations can be used to rule out alternative
possibilities such as neutron stars. In this way, astronomers have identified
numerous stellar black holes in binary systems, and have determined that the
radio source known as Sagittarius A *, at the center of our own galaxy, contains
a supermassive black hole with a mass of approximately 4.3 million. sori.

On February 11, 2017, the LIGO partnership announced the first gravitational
wave detection, which is also the first observation of a black hole fusion.
 The history
The idea of ​the existence of such a massive body that even light cannot escape was
first proposed by the pioneer English astronomer and clergyman John Michell in a
letter published in November 1784. Michell's simple calculations assumed that such
an object could have the same density as our sun, and concluded that such an object
would form when the diameter of a star exceeds that of our sun by a scale of 500, and
the cosmic speed exceeds that of light. Michell correctly noted that such supermassive
but non-radiant objects can be observed by studying their gravitational effects on
nearby objects. Scholars of the time were delighted in the first phase with the idea
that giant stars may appear invisible, but the enthusiasm faded slightly with the
discovery in the 19th century that light is a wave.

If light was a wave instead of a "twilight", it became unclear whether and what
influence gravity can have on light rays. Modern relativity discredits Michell's notion of
a ray of light that spreads directly from the surface of a supermassive star, being
slowed by the star's gravity, stopped, and then released back into the surface of the
star.
A simple illustration of a non-rotating black hole
Training and evolution

Given the bizarre behavior of black holes, it has long been

questioned whether such objects could exist in nature or
whether they are pathological solutions to Einstein's
equations. Einstein himself mistakenly believed that black
holes did not form because he believed that the angular
momentum of collapsed particles would stabilize their motion
at a certain radius. This led to the general relativity community
rejecting all results that looked the opposite for many years. In
any case, a minority of relativists continued to claim that black
holes were physical objects, and by the late 1960s, they
convinced most researchers in the field that there were no
obstacles to forming a horizon of events.
 The growth

Once a black hole is formed, it can continue to grow by

absorbing additional matter. Any black hole continuously
absorbs gas and interstellar dust from the surroundings. A
similar process has been suggested for the formation of
intermediate black holes found in globular groups. Black
holes can also fuse with other objects such as stars or even
other black holes. This is believed to be important,
especially in the early growth of supermassive black holes,
which could have been formed by the aggregation of many
smaller objects. This process has also been proposed for
the origin of black holes of intermediate mass