Corona

Effect
Group 4. 4C- TPTL
 Our Lecturers
Prof. Dr. Ir. Hermagasantos Zein, M.Sc Siti Saodah, ST ., MT

Our Team Member

Dikdik Hikmatuloh Ilham Akbar Maulana
181724005 181724013

Irna Nurfadhilah Rania Fikri Maulana Syahrina Meilani

181724014 181724022 181724027
 Corona Effect

If two electrodes whose cross-section is small (compared to the distance between

the two electrodes) are given alternating voltage, then there will be a corona
phenomenon.
Corona occurs due to ionization in the air, which is the occurrence of electron loss
from air molecules.

Losses Of Corona
0,3
E
Peek
c  30 
Equation 0,5 )
m (1 
( r)
 Corona in HVDC Lines

Ionization being the main cause of corona in EHV AC and DC transmission lines,
the movements of charged particles differ around the conductor. In DC field
negatively charged particles move from negative pole conductor to positive pole
conductor continuously and steadily.
The corona loss in HVDC system is an important factor and should be considered
while designing a line
 Importance of Corona
• Corona reduces the magnitude of high voltage steep fronted waves due to lightning or
switching by partially dissipating them as corona loss.
• Due to corona across the conductor, the sheath of air surrounding the conductor
becomes conductive which rises the conductor diameter virtually.
• Effects of transients produced by lightning or electrical surges are also reduced due to
corona effect.
 Causes of corona effect
The presence of corona can reduce the reliability of a system by degrading
insulation, over a long period of time. These effects of corona are cumulative and
permanent and failure can occur without warming. The causes of corona are:
- Light
One of the symptoms of corona formation is the faint visible purple light around
the surface of the conductor. This purple light comes from the influence of
excessive electrostatic pressure due to a high potential gradient.
- Sound
The high electric field in the corona phenomenon results in an electron collision, if
the strength of this electric field continues to increase then the impact of electrons
will be harder because of the kinetic energy obtained by the electrons.
- Ozone
In coronas with high humidity produced ozone gas in not too large amounts. This
ozone gas will increase in number as the corona increases.
 Factor effecting Corona

• Atmosphere
Atmospheric conditions affect the value of air power and the gradient of the initial potential for
corona,including wind,humidity,weather,and air temperature.
• Air Density
At the time of ionization the ions move in the air at different speeds, depending on the strength of the
electric field that affects it and the density of the air it passes.
• Size of conductor
The diameter of the conductor also affects the phenomenon of the occurrence of corona, a conductor with
a larger diameter will have a smaller electric field than a conductor with a smaller diameter.
 Factor effecting Corona

• Spacing between conductor

The distance between conductors will affect the corona formation process. If the distance between these
conductors is made very large compared to the diameter of the conductor, then it is almost impossible for
the corona to occur.
• Line Voltage
In a transmission system has a very large line voltage between phases, the magnitude of this line voltage
determines the magnitude of the electric field generated around the transmission wire. The greater the
voltage, the greater the electric field
 The Consequences of the Corona

• Radio interference
Coronas radiate high frequency noise in large quantities. This can interfere with radio
operation with different frequencies.
• Degradation or damage to electrical equipment subjected to corona
Corona causes heat around the corona area and this heat increases with the increase in
voltage given until the corona release occurs. This heat can cause a change in the atomic
makeup of the material.
 The Consequences of the Corona
• Increased loss of channel power.
Ions and electrons that move in air have acceleration due to the kinetic energy exerted. The
kinetic energy is is said to be the energy lost. This lost energy is participated in the form of
heat, sound, and light is what is meant by corona power loss.
• Distortion of Travelling Waves
Waves travel in more than one mode on multiconductor lines and these different modes may
have different velocities. Distortion is caused by losses and multiconductor effect. There are
phenomena that are responsible for attenuation and distortion, of which the most important
is corona.
 How to Reduce The Corona Effect
• Bundle conductor, which is a method of bringing conductors closer to each other at a
certain distance using spacers to reduce corona losses.
• Any physical signs of damage or injury to conductors, insulators and insulation boards
must be repaired by repairing or replacing the faulty component.
• Fill the air gas with silicone tape, silicone sealant or other corona suppression
compound. Air gaps can also be increased or replaced with porcelain insulators.
• Smooth out sharp/rough edges, use a corona ring, use semi-conductive tape or
compound ends or wrap with metallic screening to form a round conductive surface.
• Replace damaged terminations and connections in conductors. Support unshielded
cable from ground.
 How to Detect Corona
Method :
1. The emission of light that accompanies the corona
2. Use of special supersonic pressure transducers and
receivers
3. Display the signal (pulse current and voltage)
How to Avoid Corona Effect

Testing of Insulators. An insulator should have good mechanical strength to withstand the load
conditions. . The following tests are performed on the insulators:
(i) Mechanical strength, electrical insulation tests, environmental tests.
(ii) Porosity, galvanizing test
(iii) Power frequency dry flashover voltage
(iv) Power frequency wet flashover voltage
(v) Impulse voltage withstand flashover test
(vi) Puncture voltage test
(vii) Corona and radio interference test
 Example
Transmission Line Losses, includes various losses namely conductor loss, radiator
losses, ohmic loss and corona losses etc.
Corona effect in transmission line is the phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise
and production of ozone gas is an overhead transmission line.
Critical Disruptive Voltage, where go = Breakdown strength of air is 76 cm
pressure temperature of 250C is 30 kv/cm (maximum). Vc = go.r.loged/r = Critical
disrupt line voltage
Visual Critical Voltage. It is defined as the minimum phase- natural voltage at
which corona glow appears all the line conductors
Power Loss Due to Corona. Presence of corona is always buildup by energy loss
which s dissipated in form of light, heat, should and chemical action
 Example
How To Reduce Corona :
- By Increased Conduction Size
- By Increasing Conductor Spacing
- Study of HVDC Regarding Corona Effects

In conclusion, Corona in transmission line causes power loss reducing transmission efficiency.
The total power loss will be more in bad atmospheric condition as compared fair wheather. The
only way to reduce or prevent corona is to have corona inception voltage higher than the phase
voltage and it should be increased by by increasing space between conductors and by
increasing the radius of conductors. Second method to prevent corona loss is more effective, a
higher conductor radius means for the same conductor voltage and electric field stress becomes
less. An ACSR will have lower corona loss compared to copper conductors.
Thank
You
Group 4. 4C- TPTL