Nama :Syahrina M

NIM :181724027

Kelas :4C-TPTL

Task High Voltage

Part 1

1. What meaning in Indonesia language of the terminologies below: Conjugate current, Pole,
Flashover and breakdown, buildup electric charge, massive discharge, tower, conductivity, isolator,
suspension isolator, support isolator

Answer:

- Conjugate current(arus konjugasi) digunakan untuk menghitung perbedaan fasa yang benar antara
fasor tegangan dengan fasor arus.

- Pole (Kutub)

- Flashover (loncatan api)

- Breakdown (kerusakan)

- Buildup electric charge (Penumpukan Muatan Listrik)

- Massive discharge (debit besar-besaran)

- Tower (Menara)

- Conductuvity (Konduktivitas)

- Isolator (Isolasi)

- Suspension isolator (Isolator suspensi)

- Support isolator (Isolator pendukung)

2. Explain meaning in Indonesia language the some thinks below: Substation, power plant,
Transmission and Distribution, Bulk substation, generating substation, transmission substation and
distribution substation, Faraday's law

Answer

- Substation (Gardu)
- Power plant (Pembangkit listrik)
- Transmission and Distribution (transmisi dan distribusi)
- Bulk substation (Gardu Induk)
- Generating substation (Gardu pembangkit)
- Transmission substation and distribution transmission (gardu transmisi dan gardu distribusi)
- Faraday’s law (Hukum Faraday)
 Part 2
1. Compare the pros and cons (pro dan contra) of overhead lines and underground cables.
Cons:
1. falling of any object like trees’s on overhead line may break it
2. sag-wire starts to bulge down due to lack of strength o maintaining proper SAG for overhead line
is must.
3. Lighting may strike on overhead wire which will ultimately damage your line
4. Proper distance between two overhead wire required. Otherwise the may get short-circuited
5. Birds may fly through overheadlines and may die
6. Transmission losses are more
7. Easily accessible so electricity thefts are more
8. Visually pollutes the environment surrounding it
Pro:
1. They are cheaper as compared to underground cabels
2. Easy for maintenance
3. Fault can be easily detected
4. They are not restricted od landscape

2. What is a bushing?
Bushing are skin to thin tubes most commonly used for machinery with rotating or sliding shafts to
improve efficiency and reduce vibration and noise.

3. Which two purposes are served by the oil in a transformer? Elaborate.

Purposes to insulate high-voltage electrical infrastructure such as transformer,capacitor,switches
and circuit breaker and cool a transformer. It must therefore have high dielectric strength,thermal
conductivity,and chemical stability,and must keep these properties when held at high temperatures
for extend periods.

4. What are the differences between CTs and VTs?

For CTs the flux density is kept low for keeping error voltage whitin acceptable limits. The
transformer self-impedance is kept high with respect to the burden to further reduce error current
by shunted.
For VTs is usually designed with the higher flux density for the input voltage in order to reduce size
because the customer never gives the amount of space that we want. The flux density is limited by
material type and inevitably,watts loss on the core that will give an acceptable temp rise. On VTs,too
little burden will cause the voltage to dip.

5. Why should the secondary of a CT never become open-circuited while it is energized?

This can cause very high voltages to occur due to the Ampere-Turns of the primary that start
magnetizing the core. This results in the core being saturated through a large portion of the cycle.
When a transformer core is saturated, it is a nontransformer.

6. Describe the concept of auto reclosing.

Auto recloser or cover (PBO) is basically a circuit breaker equipped with a control device. This
equipment can sense the fault current and command the open and close operation for the circuit
breaker. The recloser is a self-contained device,containing the necessary means to regulate the
overcurrent,set the time,and cut of the overcurrent as well as to automatically close and provide
voltage to the line.

7. How does an isolator differ from a circuit breaker?

Circuit breaker always trips the circuit but when there is an open contact of the breaker,it cannot be
physically seen from outside. Thus,the isolator are created for the safety so that,one can see the
condition of the section of the circuit before touching it. The isolator is a switch which isolates the
part of the circuit system when it is required. Isolator are generally used at the end of the breaker to
repair or to replace.

8. Describe the arc interruption processes in air blast, SF6, oil and vacuum circuit breakers.
Arc interruption processes in air blast breakers,air blast circuit breaker used compressed air or gas as
the arc interrupting medium. In the air blast,circuit breaker compressed air is stored in a tank and
released through a nozzle to produce a high-velocity jet; this is used to extinguish the arc.
SF6 circuit breakers is exclusively used as insulation and quenching medium for high voltage circuit
breaker because of its high insulation strength and high interruption capability of fault current at
present. Therefore it is very necessary to investigate SF6 arc interruption process in high voltage
circuit breaker.
Oil circuit breaker is such type of circuit breaker which used oil as a dielectric or insulating medium
for arc extinction.
Vacum circuit breaker is a kibd of circuit breaker where the arc quenching takes place in a vaccum
medium. The operation of switching on and closing of current carrying contacts and interrelated arc
interruption takes place in a vaccum chamber in the breaker which is called a vaccum interrupter.

9. What are the pros and cons of AC and DC transmission?

Pros:
1. Efficient power transmission
2. Gives Power Generation
3. Made power consumption possible
4. Supplies better lighting
5. Lower in cost and available
Cons;
1. Expensive in cars
2. Need for insulation
3. AC generator issues
4. Causes heat and spark
5. Need for inverters

10.What meaning of the terminologies below: Conjugate current, Pole, Flashover and breakdown,
buildup electric charge massive discharge, tower, conductivity, isolator, suspension isolator.
- Conjugate current is used to calculate the correct phase difference between the voltage phasor and
the current phasor.
- Pole is a statement of how many poles there are in the coil
- Flashover is an abnormal electrical discharge (as through the air to the ground from a high
potential source or between two conducting portions of a structure.
- Breakdown is the action or result of breaking down such as a failure to function,failure to progress
or have effect. For example is electrical breakdown
- Buildup electric charge and massive discharge, Buildup electric charge is static electricity. Charges
build up when negative electrons are transferred from one object to another.
massive discharge or static discharge is a allows electron to suddenly flow from hand to the knocker.
The sudden flow of electron is static discharge.
- Tower or for example electrical tower is a tall structure,mostly a steel lattice tower which is used to
support the overhead power lines.
- Conductivity,is a measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical current. Because dissolved
salts and other inorganic chemicals conduct electrical current,conductivity increases as salinity
increases.
- Isolator,is a mechanical switching device that,in the open position,allows for isolation of the input
and output od a device.
- Suspension isolator ,the “suspension” in the suspension of the insulator represent a kind of
installation mode of the insulator, which is fixed to the tower or cement pile by the suspension.
Suspension isolator is indispensable in the overhead line.

11.Explain the some thinks below: power plant, Transmission and Distribution, Bulk substation,
generating substation, transmission substation and distribution substation
- Power plant is an industrial facility that generates electricity from primary energy.
-Transmission and Distribution refers to the different stages of carriying electricity over poles and
wires from generators to a home or a business. After electricity has been generated, a system of
electrical wires carries the electricity from the source of generation to our homes and business.
-Bulk substation is a substation located on a high-voltage transmission line which supplies bulk
power to a non-generating utility
-Generating substation is an the substation which generates the power
-Transmission substation and distribution substation, Transmission substation receives electric
power from a nearby generating facility and uses a large power transformer to increase the voltage
for transmission to distant location. Distribution substation transfer power from the transmission
system to the distribution system of an area.