RIZAL IN THE

PHILIPPINES
(1887-1888)
 THE RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES
• JULY 3, 1887
- RIZAL LEFT FOR MARSEILLES.
- IT WAS HIS FIRST RETURN TO THE
COLONY AFTER 5 YEARS OF LEAVING IT TO
STUDY IN SPAIN.
- HE BOARDED THE VESSEL DJEMNAH, THE
SAME VESSEL WHICH TOOK HIM TO THE
FRENCH PORT CITY.
PACIANO AND HIS BROTHER-IN-LAW
SILVESTRE UBALDO WARNED HIM OF THE
DANGERS IN RETURNING TO THEIR COUNTRY.
BUT STILL HE INSISTED ON RETURNING
REGARDLESS OF THE CONSEQUENCES.
THE DJEMNAH DOCKED IN SAIGON,
VIETNAM AND RIZAL BOARDED ANOTHER
STEAMER, THE HAIPHONG WHICH WAS
BOUND FOR MANILA ON JULY 30.

AT 9:00 IN THE EVENING OF

AUGUST 6,1887, RIZAL ARRIVED IN MANILA.

THE FIRST FILIPINO HE ENCOUNTERED WAS

A NEWSPAPER MAN WHO WAS SURPRISED
TO SEE THE NAME OF RIZAL IN THE LIST OF
PASSENGERS.
REASONS FOR RETURNING TO THE PHILIPPINES

• HE WANTED TO OPERATE ON HIS MOTHER’S EYES.

• HE WANTED TO KNOW THE EFFECTS OF THE NOLI ME
TANGERE.
• HE WANTED TO FIND OUT WHY LEONOR RIVERA HAD
STOPPED WRITING TO HIM.
CALAMBA
• IT WAS A HAPPY HOMECOMING BUT HIS FAMILY WAS WORRIED ABOUT HIS
SAFETY BECAUSE THE NOLI STIRRED A HORNET’S NEST AMONG FRIARS.
THEY ACCUSED HIM OF SLANDERING THE CHURCH AND SUBVERSIVE IDEAS.

“Doctor Ulliman” Rizal opened a gymnasium. Olympia Mercado Leonor Rivera

THE FUROR OVER THE NOLI ME TANGERE

GOVERNOR GENERAL EMILIO TERRERO

• HE WAS INFORMED THAT THE NOVEL

CONTAINED SEDITIOUS IDEAS.
• HE HAD RIZAL SUMMONED TO MALACAÑANG.
• HE ASKED RIZAL A COPY OF THE BOOK AS HE
WANT TO READ FOR HIMSELF ITS CONTENTS.
• HE ASSIGNED RIZAL A BODYGUARD,
LIEUTENANT JOSE TAVIEL DE ANDRADE, TO
WATCH OVER HIM.
• COPIES OF NOLI ARRIVED IN THE PHILIPPINES WEEKS
BEFORE RIZAL ARRIVED IN THE PHILIPPINES
• THE SPANIARDS AND FRIARS WERE UNDERSTANDABLY
ANGERED BY THEIR PORTRAYAL IN THE BOOK AS
VILLAINS
• RIZAL WAS SUMMONED BY GOVERNOR GENERAL
EMILIO TERRERO IN THE MALACANANG, DUE TO THE
CONTROVERSY GENERATED BY NOLI.
• FORMER PROFESSORS OF RIZAL FATHER FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ,
JOSE BECH, AND FREDERICO FAURA, WARNED RIZAL THAT BECAUSE OF
THE NOVEL HE WOULD "LOSE HIS HEAD".
• THE GOVERNOR GENERAL KNEW THAT RIZAL MADE ENEMIES HE
ASSIGNED LIEUTENANT JOSE TAVIEL DE ANDRADE TO BE RIZAL'S
PERSONAL BODY GUARD BUT LATTER THE TWO OF THEM BECAME
FRIENDS.
• AFTER READING A COPY OF THE NOVEL THE GOVERNOR GENERAL FOUND
NOTHING WRONG WITH ITS CONTENTS.
• BUT ARCHBISHOP PEDRO PAYO, SENT A COPY OF THE NOVEL TO THE
RECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS, FR. GREGORIO
ECHAVARRIA. WHERE A COMMITTEE COMPOSED OF THE UNIVERSITY'S
FACULTY REVIEWED THE CONTENTS OF THE BOOK.
 • ARCHBISHOP PEDRO PAYO SENT A COPY OF THE NOVEL
TO THE RECTOR OF THE UST, FR. GREGORIO
ECHAVARRIA.

• A COMMITTEE COMPOSED OF THE UNIVERSITY’S FACULTY MEMBERS WAS

FORMED TO REVIEW NOLI ME TANGERE.
• COMMITTEE’S REPORT: “HERETICAL, IMPIOUS, SCANDALOUS IN THE
RELIGIOUS ORDER, ANTI-PATRIOTIC, SUBVERSIVE OF PUBLIC ORDER,
INJURIOUS TO THE GOVERNMENT OF SPAIN, AND OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
IN THE POLITICAL ORDER.
• FR. SALVADOR FONT
- AUGUSTINIAN CURATE OF TONDO
- HEADED THE PERMANENT COMMISSION ON CENSORSHIP
- RECOMMENDED THAT THE IMPORTATION, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF NOLI
ME TANGERE SHOULD BE PROHIBITED.

• FR. JOSE RODRIGUEZ

- PUBLISHED A PAMPHLET ENTITLED “CAIINGAT CAYO”. (1888)

• VICENTE BARRANTES
- WROTE AGAINST IT IN THE ESPAÑA MODERNA. (1890)

• DEFENDERS OF NOLI:
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR – WROTE A RESPONSE TO CAIINGAT CAYO.
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ – DEFENDED NOLI IN PUBLIC.
FR. GARCIA – REFUTED FR. RODRIGUEZ’S CLAIM THAT RIZAL WAS AN ”IGNORANT MAN”.
 BIASED CONCLUSION
• THE COMMITTEE CONCLUDED IN THEIR REPORT TO THE
ARCHBISHOP THAT THE NOVEL IS "HERETICAL, IMPIOUS,
SCANDALOUS IN THE RELIGIOUS ORDER. ANTI PATRIOTIC,
SUBVERSIVE OF PUBLIC ORDER, INJURIOUS TO THE GOVERNMENT
OF SPAIN, AND OF THE PHILIPPINES ISLANDS IN THE POLITICAL
ORDER.“
• FR. SALVADOR FONT HEAD OF THE PERMANENT COMMISSION ON
CENSORSHIP. RECOMMENDED "THAT THE IMPORTATION,
REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE NOLI ME TANGERE
SHOULD BE ABSOLUTELY PROHIBITED."
• MANILA NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED FR. FONT'S REPORT
WHICH GAINED FOR THE BOOK FREE
ADVERTISEMENT.
• MANY PEOPLE WANTED TO READ THE NOVEL
RATHER THAN AVOIDING IT CAUSING A POPULARITY
FOR THE BOOK AND BEING A SYMBOL TO HAVING A
COPY OF THE BOOK.
• COPIES OF THE BOOK WERE SMUGGLED FROM HONG
KONG TO MANILA WITH THE HELP OF SEAMAN FROM
MARINDUQUE, PERFECTO RUFINO RIEGO.
THE HACIENDA DE CALAMBA
• JULY 1885 – PACIANO INFORMED RIZAL ABOUT
THE HEIGHTENED AGRARIAN UNREST IN THE
AREA THROUGH A LETTER.
• AUGUST 29, 1886 – RIZAL’S BROTHER-IN-LAW,
MARIANO HERBOSA, WROTE A LETTER
COMPLAINING OF THE UNBEARABLE TAX
IMPOSED BY THE FRIARS TO THE TENANTS SUCH
AS TAX ON IRRIGATED, DRY AND RESIDENTIAL
LANDS.
• DECEMBER 30,1887 – GOV. GEN. TERRERO SENT
AN OFFICIAL COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC
TREASURY DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.
• RIZAL MADE AN INFORMATIVE REPORT.
• FEBRUARY 1888 – THE TENANTS OPENLY
REFUSED TO PAY THEIR RENTALS.
• THE REPORTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT EMBARRASSED THE
DOMINICAN FRIARS OF CALAMBA.
• FEBRUARY 1888 - RIZAL LEFT CALAMBA, AT THE SAME TIME
TENANTS OPENLY REFUSED TO PAY THEIR RENTALS.
• THE TENANTS WON THE CASE AT THE JUSTICE OF PEACE OF
CALAMBA. BUT AFTER THE APPEAL OF THE FRIARS AT THE
PROVINCIAL COURT AT SANTA CRUZ THEY LOST.
• THE NEWLY APPOINTED GOVERNOR GENERAL VALERIANO
WEYLER - ORDERED THE DEPORTATION OF 25 INDIVIDUALS
INCLUDING PACIANO RIZAL, SILVESTRE UBALDO AND MANUEL
HIDALGO, WAS VANISHED FROM BOHOL.
RIZAL LEFT THE PHILIPPINES

• RIZAL WAS BEING ACCUSED BY THIS ENEMIES.

• FEBRUARY 3,1888, HE DEPARTED MANILA ON BOARD THE VESSEL DON JUAN.
• ON BOARD, HE MET A YOUNG SEAMAN PERFECTO RUFINO RIEGO WHO
WOULD HELP SMUGGLE THE NOLI INTO THE PH.