BASIC ICT SKILLS

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ICT SKILLS ?

ICT stands for Information and

Communication Technology. ICT
refers to all the tools related to
storing, recording and sending
digital information.
 • Cost-efficient
• Easy student management
Advantages of • Minimize cost and save time
ICT skills • Better teaching and learning
methods
 • Misleading and misguiding information.
• Risk of cyber attacks and hacks
Disadvantages of • A risk to the traditional book and handwriting
methods
ICT skills • Managing courses online is difficult
• Misuse of technology.
 ICT SKILLS CAN BE
DIVIDED INTO THREE
PARTS
. OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)
. BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF
WORKING ON A COMPUTER
. VIRUSES
WHAT IS AN OS (OPERATING SYSTEM) ?
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer
hardware, software resources, and provides common services for
computer programs.
In simple terms,
An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface between
computer hardware components and the user. Every computer system
must have at least one operating system to run other programs.
Applications like Browsers, MS Office, Notepad Games, etc., need some
environment to run and perform its tasks. The OS helps you to
communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the
computer’s language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or
mobile device without having an operating system.
 Different examples of OS (operating system)

Linux Operatin Google's
MS-DOS Apple iOS Apple mac OS Windows OS
g System  Android OS
HISTORY OF OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)

• Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
• The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for
their IBM 701
• In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks
• In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed
• The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the
86-DOS software from a Seattle company
• The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI
was created and paired with MS-DOS.
 Types of OS (operating system)

Single- Multi- Single user Multi user Distribute Real-time

tasking os os os d os Mobile os
tasking os os
WHAT ARE COMPUTER VIRUSES ?

• Just like a flu virus, a computer virus is programmed to spread from one host to
another host and can replicate itself. A technical computer virus definition would
be, it is a malicious program or code that is written to change the way a computer
works and spread from one computer to another.
• When this written code is executed, it modifies the pre-designed programs that
support macros and inserts its code. The damage caused by a virus is unexpected;
it can corrupt the system software or destroy data. So this explains what a
computer virus does and how it affects your device. Now let us move to its types
and know about computer viruses in greater detail which will help us to stay
cautious and prepared in case of a virus attack
 Virus

Boot
Stealth Macro
sector File virus
virus virus
virus
HOW TO PROTECT COMPUTER FROM
VIRUSES ?
• Use an antimalware app - Installing an antimalware app and keeping it up to date can help defend your PC against
viruses and other malware (malicious software). Antimalware apps scan for viruses, spyware, and other malware trying
to get into your email, operating system, or files. New threats can appear daily, so check the antimalware manufacturer's
website frequently for updates. Microsoft Defender is free antimalware software included with Windows, and you can
update it automatically through Windows Update. There are also 3rd party antivirus products that you can choose from.
• Don't open email messages from unfamiliar senders, or email attachments that you don't recognize - Many
viruses are attached to email messages and will spread as soon as you open the attachment. It's best not to open any
attachment unless it's something you're expecting
• Use a firewall - Windows Firewall, or any other firewall app, can help notify you about suspicious activity if a virus or
worm tries to connect to your PC. It can also block viruses, worms, and attackers sending  potentially harmful apps to
your PC.
• Use your Internet browser's privacy settings - Some websites might try to use your personal info for targeted
advertising, fraud, and identity theft.
• Clear your Internet cache and your browsing history - Most browsers store info about the websites you visit and the
info that you provide, like your name and address. While it can be helpful to have these details stored on your PC, there
are times when you might want to delete some or all of them—for example, when you're using a public PC and don't
want to leave personal info behind.
WHAT ARE ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE ?

• Antivirus is a kind of software used to prevent, scan, detect and

delete viruses from a computer. Once installed, most antivirus
software runs automatically in the background to provide real-
time protection against virus attacks.
• Comprehensive virus protection programs help protect your
files and hardware from malware such as worms, Trojan horses
and spyware, and may also offer additional protection such as
customizable firewalls and website blocking.
HOW DO ANTI-VIRUSES WORK ?
• An antivirus software works by scanning incoming files or code that's being passed through your
network traffic. Companies who build this software compile an extensive database of already known
viruses and malware and teach the software how to detect, flag, and remove them.
• When files, programs, and applications are flowing in and out of your computer, the antivirus compares
them to its database to find matches. Matches that are similar or identical to the database are
isolated, scanned, and removed. 
• While you can adjust settings so that your antivirus runs automatic scans of your computer for malicious
files, you can also opt-in to manual scans, which let you sit and see in real-time which malicious files
were found and neutralized. 
• Some antivirus software will ask for your permission before "cleaning" a file to remove malicious code.
If you prefer a hands-off approach, you can adjust the settings so the software automatically removes
malicious files.
• Most antivirus software performs the same functions, so choosing between one brand and another
shouldn't be that complex of a decision.