21st Century Literature from the

Philippines and the World

General Description: This course aims to engage students in

appreciation and critical study of 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World encompassing their various
dimensions, genres, elements, structures, contexts, and
traditions.
 Literature
• From the Latin
word ‘Litera’
which literally
means
“letters”
Literature
• Webster defined it as
anything that is
printed as long as it is
related to the ideas
and feelings of people,
whether it is true or
just a product of
imagination.
Literary Genre

Literary Genre
 2 Major Classifications of Literature

• Prose
-consists of those
written within the
common flow of
conversation in
sentences and
paragraphs.
2 Major Classifications of Literature

Poetry
- refers to those
expressions in verse,
with measure and
rhyme, line and stanza
and has a more
melodious tone.
ignatius joseph n estroga
ignatius joseph n estroga
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 TYPES OF PROSE
• novels
• biographies,
• short stories,
• contemporary dramas,
• legends,
• fables, essays, news
and speeches.
 NOVEL
• This is a long narrative divided into
chapters.
• The events are taken from true-to-
life stories…and span a long period
of time.
• There are many characters
involved.

Example: WITHOUT SEEING THE

DAWN by Steven Javallena.
 SHORT STORY
• This is a narrative involving
one or more characters, one
plot and one single
impression.

• Example: THE LAUGHTER OF

MY FATHER by Carlos
Bulosan.
 PLAYS
• This is presented on a
stage, is divided into
acts and each act has
many scenes.

Example: THIRTEEN
PLAYS by Wilfredo M.
Guerrero.
LEGENDS
• These are fictitious
narrative, usually about
origins.

• Example: THE BIKOL

LEGEND by Pio Duran.
 FABLES
• These are also fictitious
• deal with animals and inanimate
things who speak and act like
people
• purpose is to enlighten the minds
of children to events that can mold
their ways and attitudes.

Example: THE MONKEY AND THE

TURTLE.
Essay

• This expresses the

viewpoint or
opinion of the
writer about a
particular problem
or event.
 Biography
• This deals with the life of
a person which may be
about himself, his
autobiography or that of
others.

• Example: CAYETANO
ARELLANO by Socorro
O. Albert
 NEWS
• This is a report of
everyday events in
society, government,
science and industry,
and accidents,
happening nationally or
not.
 ORATION
• This is a formal
treatment of a subject
and is intended to be
spoken in public. It
appeals to the intellect,
to the will or to the
emotions of the
audience.
 POETRY:
3 TYPES

• Narrative Poetry
• Lyric Poetry
• Dramatic Poetry
 MYTHS
•Collected myths of the group
of people

•A body of stories which

explain a nature, history, and
customs.
 MYTHS

•Traditional stories or
beliefs

•Culture retold from one

generation to another
 Philippine Mythology

• Includes a collection of tales and superstitions

about magical creatures.

• Some Filipinos, even though heavily

Christianized, still believe in these tales.
 Philippine Mythology

• The prevalence of belief among regions in

these myths is still strong.
 Philippine Mythical Creatures
• Agta
• Aswang
•Siyokoy
• Bal-bal
•Sirena
• Kapre
• Mangkukulam
•Duwende
• Mambabarang •Tikbalang
• Manananggal •Tiyanak
• Santelmo •Wakwak
• Narrative
• Lyric
• Dramatic
 MYTHS
•Collected myths of the
group of people

•A body of stories which

explain a nature, history,
and customs.
 MYTHS

•Traditional stories or
beliefs

•Culture retold from one

generation to another
 Philippine Mythology

• Includes a collection of tales and superstitions

about magical creatures.

• Some Filipinos, even though heavily

Christianized, still believe in these tales.
 Philippine Mythology

• The prevalence of belief among regions in

these myths is still strong.
 Philippine Mythical Creatures
• Agta
• Aswang
•Siyokoy
• Bal-bal
•Sirena
• Kapre
• Mangkukulam
•Duwende
• Mambabarang •Tikbalang
• Manananggal •Tiyanak
• Santelmo •Wakwak