SPEED & RPM SENSOR

AH S 1 853 AU TOM OT I VE S EN SO R AN D AC T U ATOR

HA IR UL AZ MI
Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) plays high role in throttle-by wire system, used to
monitor the flange opening angle of butterfly valve.

State one similarity of a TPS used on both mechanical and electronic throttle body.

State two dissimilarities of a TPS used on both mechanical and electronic throttle
body.

Explain the reasons of dissimilarity found in ETB design.

Unit Learning Outcome
Explain the measuring principles used in speed and RPM sensor.
Describe the working principle of speed and RPM sensor.
Describe the characteristic and parameter of speed and RPM sensor.
Describe the different type of sensor.
Discuss the application of speed and RPM sensor.
Analyse the output signal when the speed and RPM change.
Outline
• Introduction to speed and RPM.
• Measuring principles
• Type of speed and RPM sensor
• Applications
Introduction
• Speed and RPM sensors measure the number of revolutions
or the distance traveled per unit of time.
• Occurred between two components or with respect to the
road surface or another vehicle.
• Conventional sensors used for rotational-speed
measurement are passive type e.g. inductive type sensor.
• Active type e.g. Hall effect sensor required local, integrated
electronics for signal conditioning.
Measuring principles
• Relative RPM and speed measurement
i. Inductive type
ii. Magnetostatic type
• Absolute rotating-speed measurement
i. Oscillation gyroscope
Relative RPM & speed: Inductive type
• Based on Faraday’s law.
• Generating voltage UA at their two-pole output which is
proportional to the change of a magnetic flux ɸ (w = number of
turns)
UA = Uind = w.dɸ/dt
• 3 basic magnetic components
i. Fixed coil
ii. Soft-iron component
iii. Permanent-magnet component
Inductive type sensor

Figure 1: Inductive speed sensor

Figure 2: Inductive speed sensor output waveform.
Inductive: Output
Relative RPM & speed: Magnetostatic type
5 types available for magnetostatic type sensor
i. Hall vane switches
ii. Simple Hall rod
iii. Gradient sensors
iv. Tangential sensors
v. Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) elements
Magnetostatic type sensor

Figure 3: Hall vane switch

Figure 4: Simple Hall rod

Magnetoresistive: Output
Absolute rotating: Oscillation gyroscope

Figure 5: Gyroscope measured axis X (pitch) Y (roll) Z (yaw)

Oscillation gyroscope

Figure 6: Yaw rate sensor system

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9zhP9Bnx-k
Types of relative and absolute speed
measurement sensor.
• Inductive engine speed sensor
• Hall-effect phase sensor
• Wheel speed sensor
• Yaw rate sensor
Inductive engine speed

Figure 7: Inductive type

Hall effect phase sensor

Figure 8: Hall effect type sensor

Yaw rate sensor

Figure 9: Yaw rate sensor (MEMS)

Wheel speed sensor

Figure 10: ABS wheel speed sensor

Conclusion
• Multiple type of speed sensor available.
• Inductive type still reliable.
• Magnetostatic sensor type used for low speed detection.
• Gyro absolute measurement make used of yaw rate.