ENGLISH FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

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 GLOSSARY OF THE PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (ENGLISH - SPANISH)

UNIT 1. THE PETROLEUM

ENGLISH FOR THE INDUSTRY ... A PERSPECTIVE
OIL AND GAS
INDUSTRY I
UNIT 2. THE CONTINUING SEARCH

ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS AND

ILLUSTRATIONS

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ENGLISH FOR THE
OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
GLOSSARY - PROGRAM - OBJECTIVES –
AN INTRODUCTION

THE BEGINNING … A HISTORICAL VIEW

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

THE PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY ... A THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
PERSPECTIVE
THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN PERU

AN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

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UNIT 1. THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY… A PERSPECTIVE
PROGRAM
Session 01 Program – Objectives - Glossary - Introduction

Session 02 The Beginning…A Historical View

Session 03 The Development of a Drilling Technology

Session 04 The Growth of the Petroleum Industry

Session 05 The Growth of the Petroleum Industry in Peru

Session 06 An Industry Overview

Session 07 Contributions and Achievements

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PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
• Grand part of this program was presented many years ago by Occidental
Petroleum Company with the intention of familiarize their non geoscience
personnel and professional technical juniors with the core of the
hydrocarbon business through the history and development of the
petroleum industry.
• It has now been adapted and oriented toward the use of the specific
terminology and glossary of this important industry. It is expected that upon
completion of UNIT 1, you should be able to:
• Identify and sequence the historic use of petroleum and describe the
reasons for its increasing significance.
• Identify and describe the growth of the petroleum industry and its
importance.
• Be familiar with most of the terminology used in the oil industry.
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GLOSSARY OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
• Many terms and phrases used in the business of hydrocarbons in general
are unique to the Petroleum Industry.
• Professionals new to this environment may find them quite misleading.

• Furthermore, these people must "know the language" to gain and maintain
credibility with experienced petroleum industry personnel.
• This glossary has been prepared so that, inexperienced personnel can
quickly grasp and learn to communicate what is happening on this
particular business.
• In addition there are included illustrations that show the use of some of
these terms allowing to better understand the meaning of them.

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AN INTRODUCTION
The development and growth of the petroleum industry, from a single well
drilled in 1859 into one of the world’s largest and most important
industries, is a remarkable historical ocurrence. This introduction will
provide an historical perspective from which to view the petroleum
industry.

Included are:
• An historical view of the early uses of petroleum.
• The impact of the Industrial Revolution.
• The development of a drilling technology.
• The rapid growth and development of the petroleum industry.
• Its emergence as a major world industry whose products have become an
indispensable part of our everyday lives.

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THE PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY …
A PERSPECTIVE
 THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW

Work in pairs:

• What do you know about the history of petroleum?

• When did its use start? When did it change?
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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
• Petroleum or “rock oil,” has been known and used by man for the past
5,000 years.
• All of the great civilizations of the ancient Middle East used bitumen, for
multiple purposes, all of which foretold of modern usages.
• Oil was not used extensively by the Greeks and Romans but was
continuously used in other areas from China to medieval Middle East.
• By 1750, tremendous and rapid changes took place in society, and an era
began which is known as the “Industrial Revolution.”
• In fact, the Industrial Revolution was a series of revolutions, including
technological, political and social, developments that had evolved over
centuries and began to take effect.

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 THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

Work in pairs:

• What do you know about the technology used for drilling?

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
• Farmers flocked to urban areas and became dependent city dwellers as
factories began to cover the once rural countryside.
• Newly created and rapidly expanding industries required more energy.
• New sources of energy were sought and new technologies developed
demanding more energy.
• A drilling technology developed as society began to turn to petroleum as a
major energy source.
• In less than 100 years, a simple foot-powered spring pole drilling device
was transformed into a sophisticated rotary drilling rig.
SPRING POLE

FOOT POWERED ROTARY DRILLING RIG

 THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

Work in pairs:

• How big is the industry worldwide?

• How developed is the industry these days in Peru?
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THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
• By 1870, Western Europe and the United States were experiencing the full
impact of the Industrial Revolution.

• During this period, three important inventions were developed that had a
profound effect on the petroleum industry.

• Edison’s incandescent light, Benz and Dalmier’s improved internal

combustion engine and Diesel’s engine used oil for fuel. Each invention
created an Industry that required tremendous quantities of petroleum.

• Between 1900 and 1910 automobile production went from 8,000 to

450,000 cars per year and the need for petroleum more than doubled.

• The phenomenal growth is still continuing as the petroleum industry has

grown to become one of the world’s largest industries.

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 THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
AN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Work in pairs:

• What company do you come from?

• What does your company specialize in?
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AN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
• Today, the petroleum industry consist of thousands of interdependent
organizations.

• These companies provide the resources, products and services required to

locate, drill, produce, manufacture, transport, refine and market an
increasing number of products derived from petroleum.

• The largest petroleum companies are the major ”operating companies”

and they are supported by thousands of other independent organizations
which provide essential products and services. REFINING
SEISMIC DRILLING FLUIDS GEOLOGY
C LEGAL

TRANSPORT ELECTRIC LOGGING PORTS

CASING

CHROMATOGRAPH CAMP
 THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

Work in pairs:

• What products are derived from oil?

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CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
• Today, the petroleum industry has become indispensable to almost every
facet of life in an industrialized society.

• In less than 100 years, since the first well was drilled in Titusville,
Pennsylvania, over 2 million producing wells have been successfully drilled
in the United States alone.

• Production has risen from 7,300 barrels oil a year (20 barrels a day) to
over 28 billion barrels a year (more than 85 million barrels a day).

• The crude oil is refined into gasoline, fuel oil, lubricants and a thousand of
other products.
FUEL OIL
GASOLINE INSECTICIDES

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19
 CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
---------3000 years----- ---><---------1769 y--------<-------------------68 years-------------- 
---------------B.C.-------- -----><----------------------------------A.D.------------------------------------
3000---1000---2000--800--1200>1700<500--700—1200--569—1769--35--1804--3---1807--1--1808-----29---1837
(M.E.) (Egypt) (China) (Gr&Ro) (Moslem) (Watt) (Trevi.) (Fulton) (Ruffner) (Morse)
constr. + + = + + steam steam foot pwr. telegraph
roads lubricant fuel kerosene steam road boat spring.pole
caulkin embalm pipeline (from coal) engine engine engine percussion
(seepage) (seep.) (seep.) (seep.) (seepage) (ditch) (ditch) (ditch) (drilling)

1775------------40 years--------1815
(Social & Political Revolution)

>--------------------------------------------------93 years----------------------------------------------- 
(161y)
1837--15---1852---5---1857---2---1859--19---1878---8---1886--11—1897--3—1900-10-1910---3---1913---17---1930
(Morse) kerosene Rumania (Drake) (Edison) (Bnz-Got) (Diesel) (Lucas) growth termal taxes to
telegr. (from oil) commerce steam incandesnt. Internal internal hydraulic automob. cracking construc.
sprg.pole engine light combust. oil combu. rotary industry (gas-ker. thousands
percuss. percuss. engine engine drilling gasoline) of roads
drilling drilling

1930-------------------------------------------------87 years---------------------------------------201720
 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Achievements: Logros Sought: Requeridos
City dwellers: Habitantes de ciudad Sow: Sembrar
Cover: Ocupar, invadir Spring pole: Vara flexible
Developments (Human rights): Necesidades de desarrollo, progreso, libertad
Drilling device: Invento de perforar Upon: Con la
Evolved: Desarrollado
Farm: Cultivar, hacienda, granja
Flocked: Se congregaron
Foot-powered: A pedal
Foretold: Predecesores
Furthermore: Además
Grasp: Agarrar
Misleading: Despistados
Rotary drilling rig:: Equipo de perforación rotaria
Rural countryside: Areas rurales, zonas de campo 21
 DOCUMENTS & ILLUSTRATIONS
HISTORY OF OIL Part 1
(VIDEO. 37MB.10 MIN. ON BLACKBOARD)

BECOMING HUMAN
(ASU J.BURCHE & D.JOHANSON.26 MB.30MIN. ON BLACKBOARD)

FOSSIL FUELS HISTORY ENVIRONMENT & FUTURE

(90 MB. 6MIN. ON BLACKBOARD)

THE GOOD OLD DAYS OF DRILLING

(SPE.PDF. 88 SLIDES. 15 MIN.ON BLACKBOARD)

IS CLIMATE CHANGE OUR BIGGEST PROBLEM?

(PRAGER Univ.93Mb.6min. ON BLACKBOARD)

ARAB GOLFER
(1.5Mb.1min.PROJECTED)

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