GLOSSARY OF THE PETROLEUM

INDUSTRY (ENGLISH - SPANISH)

UNIT 1. THE PETROLEUM

ENGLISH FOR THE INDUSTRY ... A PERSPECTIVE
OIL AND GAS
INDUSTRY
UNIT 2. THE CONTINUING SEARCH

ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS AND

ILLUSTRATIONS

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ENGLISH FOR THE
OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
GLOSSARY - PROGRAM - OBJECTIVES –
AN INTRODUCTION

THE BEGINNING … A HISTORICAL VIEW

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

THE PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY ... A THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
PERSPECTIVE
THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN PERU

AN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
• In response to the increased demand by world industry for large quantities
of cheap energy, there emerged a drilling technology.
• Two drilling techniques were developed in the USA which provided the
technological basis for an energy revolution.
• They were the cable tool percussion drilling method and the hydraulic
rotary drilling method.
• During those technology developments, three major events took place:
the Ruffner well-1808, the Drake well-1859 and the Spindletop well-1901.
• In less than 100 years these events laid the foundation for the petroleum
industry.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
THE BASIC DRILLING TECHNIQUES

In the development of the drilling industry,

there were two major techniques or
methods used to drill:
The Cable Tool Percussion Drilling Method
• Dominated the industry from the 1860’s
until the 1930’s (70 years)
The Hydraulic Rotary Drilling Method
• Originally developed in the 1850’s but not
accepted until 1900.
• Became dominant in the 1930’s.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING
• Cable tool percussion drilling was an improvement on
SPRING POLE
the spring pole technique. TECHNIQUE
• The well was drilled by the impact of a cutting tool
raised by a cable and dropped abruptly to the bottom CABLE TOOL
of the well bore. DRILLING

• A cable tool assembly included several drilling jars

(weights) placed at intervals on the cable above a
chisel-like cutting bit.
• As the cable was quickly lowered, the jars would fall on
each other, increasing weight on bit and producing
cutting impact on bottom of hole.
• To “drill” deeper wells, larger rig structures, wheels
and steam power plants were used.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
HYDRAULIC ROTARY DRILLING
• Initially developed in the 1850’s. A well was drilled by a bit
ROTARY DRILLING METHOD
attached to the end of an extended shaft rotated by a POWERED BY A MULE

powerful turntable at the surface.

• The technique did not gain widespread acceptance until
after 1900 when the Spindletop well was drilled in Texas.
• It proved that the hydraulic rotary method could
successfully drill in áreas where the cable method failed.
• With the development of rotary rock drilling bits in 1909
the hydraulic rotary method showed that it could drill in
hard rock formations. In less tan 20 years, it came to
dominate the industry and still does today.

VERTICAL DRILLING DEVICE

LEONARDO DA VINCI
HYDRAULIC ROTARY
DRILLING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
THREE GREAT MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRILLING
• In the development of an industry, rarely can you identify three events
which took place in less than a century in the same country.
• However, in the USA, three events occurred that laid the foundation for
an energy revolution that would change the world.
• The three events were the successful drilling of three wells:

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
THREE GREAT MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRILLING

RUFFNER WELL
• Between 1807-1808, David and Joseph Ruffner,
both americans, drilled a well in Charleston
West Virginia.
• The well was drilled for brine to a depth of 18m.
• The Ruffner well was drilled with a foot
powered spring pole drilling device.
• Tools used were: a bit consisting of a 2 ½ inches
steel chisel, a drilling line, wood casing, etc.
• All of these tools were early prototypes of
modern drilling tools.
THE RUFFNER BROTHERS’ WELL
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
THREE GREAT MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRILLING

DRAKE WELL
• Between 1858-1859, Col. Edwin Drake, an american, drilled
the first well exclusively for finding and producing oil at
Titusville, Pennsylvania.
• The well was drilled to a depth of 19 m. with an early type
cable tool percussión drilling rig.
THE DRAKE
• The drilling equipment was powered by a steam engine from energy4me

WELL
• This rig was later developed into the “standard” cable tool 9

drilling rig of the 1870’s.

• This well proved that oil could be recovered in sufficient
quantities to meet the ever expanding demand.
• The Drake Well is considered to be the birth of the
Petroleum Industry.
 SECOND WELL DRILLED IN THE WORLD

• 1863: SECOND WELL DRILLED IN THE

WORLD AND FIRST IN SOUTH AMERICA, IN
ZORRITOS, TUMBES. NORTHWEST PERU.

• THIS WILDCAT DISCOVERED OIL AT 24 MTS

DEPTH, PRODUCING 60 BOPD OF 35º API

EXPLOTATION OF HIDROCABONS IN PERU CONTINUES UNTIL PRESENT IN FIVE

REGIONS OF THE TERRITORY:
• NORTHWEST (ONSHORE) 1863
• CENTRAL AMAZONIAN JUNGLE 1939
• NORTHWEST (OFFSHORE) 1960
• NORTHERN AMAZONIAN JUNGLE 1971
• SOUTH SUBANDEAN JUNGLE 2004 10
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
THREE GREAT MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRILLING

LUCAS / SPINDLETOP WELL

• In 1900-1901, Capt. Anthony Lucas, a croatian
nationalized american, drilled a well at Spindletop,
Texas.
• The well was drilled to a depth of 335m with a
hydraulic rotary drilling rig.
• The Spindleton well proved the usefulness of THE LUCAS / SPINDLETOP WELL

hydraulic rotary drilling equipment in rocks that

could not be drilled with conventional cable tools.
• This rig is said created the modern oil industry.

• The well led to an expanded worldwide search for

oil assuring fuel for the needs of a growing world
industry during the first half of the 20th century. ANTHONY LUCAS
 OIL AS MEDICINE – 1848

OIL FROM NATURAL WAS USED AS A BALM BY NATIVE AMERICANS.

IN 1848 SAMUEL KIER BOTTLED AND SOLD “ROCK OIL” PROCLAMING ITS
WONDERFUL MEDICAL VIRTUES.

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 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Assembly: Montaje, «arreglo» Led: Condujo
Cable tool drilling: Perforación a cable Offshore: Costa afuera, en el mar
Cable tool percussion: Percusión a cable Onshore: Costa adentro, en el continente
Casing: Revestimiento para pozos Percussion drilling: Perforación a percusión
Chisel-like cutting bit: Broca a manera de cincel Pole: Vara larga, pértiga
Cutting bit: Broca para cortar, trépano cortador Rotary drill bits: Brocas de perforación rotaria
Cutting impact: Corte por impacto Spring pole drilling: Perforac. con vara flexible
Cuttings: Recortes de perforación Steam Engine: Motor a vapor
Drilling device: Invento para perforación Steel chisel: Cincel de acero
Drilling jars: Percusores (pesas) de perforación The ever expanding: La yá creciente
Drilling line: Cable de perforación Turntable: Mesa rotaria
Drilling rig: Equipo o torre de perforación Uselfulness: Utilidad
Expanded search: Creciente búsqueda Well bore: Agujerro del “pozo”
Extended shaft: Eje, vara o tubo alargado Widespread acceptance: Amplia aceptación
Foot powered: Energía o accionado a pedal Wildcat: Pozo exploratorio
Hydraulic rotary drilling: Perf. por rotac. Hidrául. Worldwide search: Búsqueda mundial
Impel: Accionar un motor, mover
Laid the foundation: Sentaron las bases 13
 GLOSSARY OF TERMS (Indonesian Oil Workman Ship)
Bare toes: Dedos del pie desnudos Pipe still: Tubería de destilación
Catch tube: Tubo de captación Pit: Pozo
Crack: Romper, desintegrar Played out: Agotado, sin producción
Crude pipestill: Alambique para destilar oil Pole coolie style: Vara para carga tipo Chino
Derrick: Torre de perforación Poured: Vertido
Drainage ditch: Zanja, fosa de drenaje Resourceful: Habilidoso
Dumpt: Vaciar, descargar Rubs: Refriega, limpia enérgicamente
Exchanger: Cambiable, cambiador Runoff: Que se recoge
Feels: Sentir Runs the winch: Acciona el malacate
Flow downhill: Fluir pendiente abajo Seep oil: Resuman, brotan petróleo
Following a ditch: Seguir por la zanja Shifts: Desviar, trasladar
Goats and calves: Cabras y vacas Slurry: Mezcla pastosa
Heat exchanger: Controlador de temperatura Spill: Derramar
Lean: Apoyo, apoyarse Trough: Cubeta
Less well funded: Pozo de menor oil acumulado Wooden Derrick: Torre perforación de madera
Outline of the lid: Contorno de la tapa Workmanship: Trabajador habilidoso

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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
(TO WORK IN PAIRS)
1. With the cable tool drilling system; How do you imagine were the cuttings
removed from bottom hole to surface?

2. Once a well was drilled; What type of transport did operator use to move
the “drilling rig” from one location to another site?

3. What kind of energy and engine was used to impel the rotary table in the
hydraulic rotary drilling system?

4. In addition to the advantage of drilling deeper with the hydraulic rotary

drilling method; Which other advantages were important too?

5. Why do you think, the second well in the world was drilled in Peru, being
other places with the same characteristics in the atlantic coast?.
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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY (ANSWERS)

1. When the drilling tool started to get stuck due to the accumulation of
cuttings towards the bottom of the bore hole, the drilling operation had to
stop and run in hole a “hollow punch” (sacabocados) to clean it.
2. In wells drilled with the percussion cable method, the “rig” was a
permanent wooden made “tower” used also for production. So, the
operator had to build up a new one for next location.
3. Since internal explosion engine had not been invented yet (Benz & Gottlier
developed it 1n 1886), they used a steam engine as a power energy.
4. The other main advantages were that they were able to drill faster,
penetrate harder rocks and did not to stop drilling to remove “cuttings”.
5. Because the most important oil seep in the west side of America was in
Zorritos and USA needed oil for their western states and due to the
courage of a visionary man, the Peruvian Manuel Antonio de la Lama.
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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
SELF – CHECK (complete the following statements)
1. The two major techniques used in the development of the drilling industry
were the c……….….. t………… p………………… d………..…….... method and the
h…….………..…. r…………..…. d……….…...….. method
2. Three great events in the development of the American petroleum industry
were the drilling of following 3 wells:
I) the R............... well in C......................, W…....… V……..……... in 1807-1808;
II) the D………….…. well in T……….…....….. P…………………… in 1858- 1859; and
III) the L…………/S…………....…… well in S……….……..… T……..….. in 1900-1901.
3. Who drilled the first well exclusively for the purpose of finding and
recovering oil?: E………….……..… D……….….…….
4. Which well provided the prototypes for modern drilling tools?: The R……..
…..…….. w……….….
5. Name the well that said to have created the modern petroleum industry:
The L…………………../S…………..…….……….. w……..…… 17
THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
SELF – CHECK (complete the following statements)
1. The two major techniques used in the development of the drilling industry
were the cable tool percussion drilling method and the hydraulic rotary
drilling method.
2. Three great events in the development of the American petroleum
industry were the drilling of following 3 wells:
I) the Ruffner well in Charleston, West Virginia in 1807-1808;
II) the Drake well in Titusville Pennsylvania in 1858-1859; and
III) the Lucas/Spindletop well in Spindletop Texas in 1900-1901.
3. Who drilled the first well exclusively for the purpose of finding and
recovering oil?: Edwin Drake.
4. Which well provided the prototypes for modern drilling tools?: The
Ruffner well.
5. Name the well that said to have created the modern petroleum industry:
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The Lucas/Spindletop well
 DOCUMENTS & ILLUSTRATIONS

HISTORY OF OIL PART 3

(VIDEO.37MB.10 MIN)

THE SEARCH FOR THE BLACK GOLD OIL

(437MB 44MIN)

ARTISAN PERCUSSION DRILLING DEVICE

(9MB.4.5MIN.)

INDONESIAN OIL WORKMANSHIP

(21SLIDES. 10MIN)

OIL FIELD DODGE 1920

(14MB.5MIN.)

THE EVOLUTION OF THE OIL INDUSTRY

(BMUS.88MB.PRAGER UNIV.60MB.30MIN.)

A PRECARIOUS RIG AND CREW

(1MB.1MIN)

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