PWD,WRO

Irrigation Design Handbook

2. DESIGN OF SCOUR VENT

I FIXATION OF SILL LEVEL:

The sill level of the scour vent is generally kept at the bed level
of the channel
(or).3m below the bed level.

II DETERMINATION OF WATERWAY (OR) VENT SIZE:

The vent size may be provided using submerged orifice formula.

III DESIGN OF SOLID APRON (FLOOR) FOR SURFACE FLOW

CONSIDERATIONS:

Fixation of stilling basin level and basin length.

Hydraulic jump calculations:

1. Discharge intensity (q) = Q/B m3/s/m

2. Downstream water level

3. Upstream water level

4. Upstream Energy Level = upstream water level + upstream

energy
head
(Vu2/2g)

5. Downstream Energy Level = Downstream water level +

downstream
energy head
=Rear water level + Vd /2g
2

Where

Vu = Velocity of flow at upstream side

Vd = Velocity of flow at downstream side

6. Head loss HL = upstream energy level – Downstream energy

level 7. Post jump depth Y2 should be assumed by trial and error

in such a way that

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Irrigation Design Handbook

Ef1 = Ef2 + HL as detailed below.

8. Compute the velocity of flow after jump V2 = q/Y2 (Y2 =

assumed

post jump

depth)

Froude number F2 = V2/√gY2

9. Prejump depth (Y1) corresponding to assumed Y 2

Y1 = Y2 x (√1+8F22 -1)
2
10. Velocity of flow before jump V1 = q/Y1

11. Upstream Specific Energy, Ef 1 = Y1 + V12/2g

12. Downstream Specific Energy Ef 2 = Y2 + V22/2g

Verify whether the condition Ef1 = Ef2 + HL is satisfied.

(otherwise changeY 2)

13. Compute the Froude number F1 = V1/√gY1

14. Level at which jump would form = Downstream Energy Line

- Ef2

15. Stilling basin level = Downstream Energy Line - 1.25 Ef 2

Length of stilling basin required can be arrived from the

computed incoming Froude Number F1as detailed below:

Froude number F1 Length of stilling basin

2.5 to 4.5 5(Y2 - Y1)
4.5 to 9.0 6 Y2

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Irrigation Design Handbook

16. Compute the total horizontal floor length required by

adding the following:

(a) Stilling basin length

(b) Horizontal length of downstream sloping glacis

(normally 2:1 slope
is adopted for the downstream portion of glacis.)

(c) Crest width

(d) Horizontal length of upstream sloping portion

( normally a slope of 0.5 :1 is adopted)

(e) Length of upstream floor

(f) Downstream cut off thickness.

IV. DESIGN OF SOLID FLOOR FOR SUB- SURFACE FLOW

CONDITION:

Regime width P = 4.83√Q

Looseness factor = Existing overall length / Regime width

If Looseness factor < 1 adopt the formula for Scour depth

R = 1.35 (q2/f)1/3

If Looseness factor > 1 adopt the formula R = 0.475 (Q/f) 1/3

Where f = Silt factor which depends upon the nature of the

bed material.

Upstream scour level = Upstream water level - 1.25 R

Depth of upstream cutoff = upstream bed level - upstream

scour level.

Minimum depth of upstream cutoff = Y/3 +0.6

Y = depth of upstream water

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Irrigation Design Handbook

Downstream scour level = Rear water level - 1.5 R

Depth of downstream cut off = downstream bed level -

downstream
scour
level.

Minimum depth of downstream cut off = Y/2 + 0.6

From the above computations the depth of upstream and

downstream cutoff may be finalised.

The total floor length required from Exit gradient considerations (sub-

surface flow conditions) may be computed as detailed below.

Ge = H

d Π√λ

Where

Ge - Exit gradient

H - Static head ( Crest level - downstream bed level)

d = depth of downstream cut off

Find the value of λ from the above equation adopting suitable

value of exit gradient (Ge)

Using the value of λ compute the value of α from equation α = √(2λ-

1)2 -1

Total floor length required from exit gradient consideration =α

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Irrigation Design Handbook

The computed floor length required for surface flow

consideration as well as for sub- surface flow consideration shall be

compared and the maximum of the two may be adopted.

V. THICKNESS OF FLOOR
The thickness of floor @ the downstream side can be calculated

adopting Khosla’s theory.

VI. PROTECTION WORKS:

(i) Downstream block protection

Length of downstream block protection = 1.5 D

Where D = design depth of scour below the downstream floor

level.

The CC blocks are to be provided in size 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.9 m with a

gap of 75mm, which may be filled up with gravel

(ii) Downstream launching apron

Depth of upstream scour = u/s bed level – u/s scour level

=D

Depth of downstream scour = d/s bed level – d/s scour level

= D’

Length of upstream launching apron = 1.5 to 2.5 D = L

Length of downstream launching apron = 1.5 to 2.5 D’ = L’

Thickness of launching apron may be computed as described

below

Calculate the slope of the river in m/km.

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Irrigation Design Handbook

Refer table 2 of IS 6966 (part I)-1989, and find out the thickness of

pitching ‘t’ in mm corresponding to the river slope and of bed

material.

The slope of launching apron shall be 2:1 to3:1

Thickness of loose stone required for covering the launched

slope = 1.25 t

Compute the length of launching corresponding to the slope of

launching apron

‘l’ in m

Total quantity of stones required to be laid = 1.25 t x l m3

Quantity of stone required for the thickness ‘t’ =t x l m3

Inner thickness of launching apron = t x l/(L or L’) as the case

may be

Quantity of stone to be laid in the wedge portion = (1.25 t l-t l)

m3

This quantity may be distributed in the length of launching

apron in the form of wedge with increasing thickness towards

outer edge.

Thickness of wedge portion = Quantity to be laid

0.5 *(L or L’)

Outer thickness required = Inner thickness +thickness of wedge

portion.

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Irrigation Design Handbook

Provide the inner and outer thickness as detailed above and

check the quantity of stones provided per m length of launching

apron.

This quantity should be higher than the previously calculated

total quantity of stones required to be laid.

Beyond the upstream and downstream launching apron, toe wall

need not be provided.

VII. DESIGN OF ABUTMENT:

The top level of abutment = upstream water level + free

board

The top level of upstream wing wall = upstream water level +

free board

The top level of downstream wing wall = downstream water level +

free board

If the arrived top level is well below the existing adjacent

average ground level, the ground level shall be trimmed up to the top

of abutment and wings. After fixing the top level, the stability of

abutment and wing walls may be checked at the sill level adopting

Coulomb’s theory. While checking the stability, tension should not be

allowed @ the sill level.

NOTE:

The step by step procedure mentioned above is only a

“Guideline”. The field engineers by applying their knowledge and

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Irrigation Design Handbook

experience may adopt the design procedure according to the site

condition.

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